Question 1

Advocates of the due process model believe the death penalty is…

Accepted Answer

Advocates of the due process model believe that the death penalty violates the right to due process and the sanctity of human life, making it immoral.

Question 2

Lawsuits by inmates contending that local, county, or state officials have deprived them of their constitutional rights are often termed what?

Accepted Answer

Lawsuits by inmates contending that local, county, or state officials have deprived them of their constitutional rights are often termed as conditions of confinement lawsuits.

Question 3

The nineteenth century British criminologist who popularized deterrence theory was

Accepted Answer

Jeremy Bentham popularized the concept of deterrence theory in the 18th and 19th centuries, arguing that punishment should be severe enough to outweigh the benefits of committing a crime and serve as a deterrent to potential offenders.

Question 4

Which of the following states reported the highest levels of overcrowding?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following states reported the...

Question 5

What branch of government has the authority to choose among sentencing options?

Accepted Answer

The judicial branch of government, specifically judges, have the authority to choose among sentencing options. This is because judges are responsible for interpreting and enforcing the law, including determining appropriate punishment for crimes. The executive branch is responsible for enforcing laws and carrying out punishments, but does not have the authority to determine the specific sentence. The legislative branch is responsible for creating laws, but typically does not have the authority to determine specific punishments for individual cases.

Question 6

What branch of government typically carries out sentences?

Accepted Answer

The executive branch of government typically carries out sentences through agencies such as law enforcement and corrections.

Question 7

A prison sentence that ranges from one to five years is a(n)

Accepted Answer

An indeterminate sentence is one that is given as a range (e.g., one to five years), allowing for the possibility of early release based on factors like good behavior.

Question 8

Advocates of the crime control model believe the death penalty is…

Accepted Answer

The answer of Advocates of the crime control model believe...

Question 9

What concept dominated thinking about sentencing throughout much of the 20ᵗʰ century?

Accepted Answer

Rehabilitation dominated thinking about sentencing for much of the 20th century, focusing on reforming the offender to prevent future offenses rather than merely punishing or deterring crime.

Question 10

"Only by 'locking him up and throwing away the key' can we assure that he won't be able to rape another woman." That statement best matches which of the following purposes of punishment?

Accepted Answer

Incapacitation is the purpose of punishment that seeks to prevent offenders from committing further crimes by physically restraining them. The statement suggests that the offender should be locked up to prevent him from committing more rapes, which aligns with the purpose of incapacitation.

Question 11

Executive branch influence on punishment is exercised through

Accepted Answer

The executive branch influences punishment through parole boards and pardons, as these are mechanisms that allow for the modification or cessation of a person's sentence, directly reflecting executive power and discretion in the realm of criminal justice.

Question 12

In ancient societies, the primary purpose of punishment was

Accepted Answer

In ancient societies, punishment was primarily focused on retribution - seeking vengeance or repaying harm done to the victim or society at large. It was believed that punishing the offender in a like manner to the harm they caused would restore balance and order to society. Rehabilitation, deterrence, and incapacitation were not typically considered in ancient punishment practices.

Question 13

The most commonly used punishment in the United States is

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most commonly used punishment in the...

Question 14

Incapacitation that focuses on offenders with a high risk of serious recidivism is termed

Accepted Answer

Selective incapacitation targets high-risk offenders who are more likely to reoffend and cause harm to society. This approach aims to incapacitate these offenders for longer periods of time to protect society from their criminal behavior. It differs from general incapacitation, which seeks to incapacitate all offenders regardless of their risk of recidivism.

Question 15

What sentence specifically states the exact number of years to be served in prison?

Accepted Answer

The term "determinate" in criminal justice refers to a specific and fixed sentence length that has been predetermined by a judge or statutory guidelines. This means that a sentence for a certain crime will have an exact number of years that the individual will serve in prison.

Question 16

"An eye for an eye" is an example of a punishment based on

Accepted Answer

"An eye for an eye" is a concept of retribution, which means that the punishment imposed is directly proportional to the harm caused by the offender. This concept is based on a belief that punishing the offender will provide justice or closure to the victim. It is different from rehabilitation, which focuses on reforming the offender to prevent them from committing crimes in the future, incapacitation, which aims to physically prevent the offender from committing further crimes, and deterrence, which aims to discourage others from committing crime by making an example of the offender.

Question 17

"He got what he deserved! I feel better knowing that wife beaters must make public apologies." That statement best matches which of the following purposes of punishment?

Accepted Answer

Retribution seeks to punish wrongdoers because they deserve it, aiming to restore the balance of justice. The statement expresses a desire for the perpetrator to be punished for his actions, suggesting a retributive purpose.

Question 18

The Prison Litigation Reform Act severely limited the federal courts' supervisory powers over what?

Accepted Answer

The Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA) limits the federal courts' supervisory powers over state prisons. The PLRA imposes strict requirements on prisoners that seek to file lawsuits regarding prison conditions, and it also restricts the remedies that courts can order to address constitutional violations. However, the PLRA does not apply to city prisons or probation programs.

Question 19

Which of the following is one type of intermediate sanctions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is one type...

Question 20

Advocates of the due process model of criminal justice see the death penalty as…

Accepted Answer

Advocates of the due process model of criminal justice argue that the death penalty is often unfairly administered, with a higher likelihood of being applied to minority defendants or those without adequate legal representation. Therefore, they would not see the death penalty as appropriate. They may also argue that the possibility of executing an innocent person outweighs any potential deterrent effect of the death penalty.

Quiz 14: Sentencing Options