Question 1

The function of the urinary bladder is to:
A) serve as a reservoir for urine before it leaves the body.
B) expel urine from the body, aided by the urethra.
C) help concentrate the urine in periods of dehydration.
D) do both A and B.

Accepted Answer

The urinary bladder serves as a reservoir for urine before it leaves the body and helps expel urine from the body, aided by the urethra. Therefore, option D, "do both A and B," is the correct choice. The urinary bladder does not help concentrate urine in periods of dehydration.

Question 2

A portion of the nephron that can lie within the medulla is the:
A) proximal tubule.
B) Bowman capsule.
C) distal tubule.
D) loop of Henle.

Accepted Answer

The loop of Henle is the portion of the nephron that extends from the cortex into the medulla and then back to the cortex again. It plays a crucial role in the concentration of urine by creating an osmotic gradient in the surrounding tissue of the medulla. The proximal and distal tubules are located entirely in the cortex, while the Bowman capsule is located at the beginning of the nephron in the cortex.

Question 3

The normal osmotic pressure of the capsular filtrate is _____ mm Hg.
A) 60
B) 32
C) 18
D) 0

Accepted Answer

The capsular filtrate has no solutes added to it, so it has an osmotic pressure of 0 mm Hg.

Question 4

At the beginning of the "plumbing system" of the urinary system,urine leaving the renal papilla is collected in the cuplike structures called:
A) renal columns.
B) renal pyramids.
C) calyces.
D) ureters.

Accepted Answer

Urine leaving the renal papilla is collected in the cuplike structures called calyces, which are part of the renal pelvis. The renal pyramids are cone-shaped structures that make up the medulla of the kidney and contain the nephrons, while renal columns are the extensions of the renal cortex that project inward between the pyramids. The ureters are the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Question 5

Approximately how much blood flows through the kidneys per minute?
A) 500 ml
B) 750 ml
C) 1200 ml
D) 3500 ml

Accepted Answer

The kidneys receive around 20% of the cardiac output, which corresponds to approximately 1200 ml of blood per minute. Option A (500 ml) and B (750 ml) are too low, and option D (3500 ml) is too high.

Question 6

The shape of the kidney could best be described as _____-shaped.
A) bean
B) pear
C) pea
D) potato

Accepted Answer

The kidney is commonly referred to as bean-shaped due to its general morphology resembling that of a bean.

Question 7

Which of the following is(are)classified as an accessory organ of the urinary system?
A) Ureters
B) Urinary bladder
C) Urethra
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Accessory organs of the urinary system include the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, as they assist in the storage and passage of urine but are not directly involved in its filtration or formation.

Question 8

Reabsorption,as performed in the kidney,may be defined as the:
A) movement of molecules out of the tubule and into the peritubular blood.
B) movement of molecules out of the peritubular blood and into the tubule for excretion.
C) movement of water and solutes from the plasma in the glomerulus, across the glomerular-capsular membrane, and into the capsular space of Bowman capsule.
D) volume of plasma from which a substance is removed by the kidney per minute.

Accepted Answer

Reabsorption refers to the movement of molecules from the tubule back into the peritubular blood. It is the opposite process of secretion, which is the movement of molecules from the peritubular blood into the tubule for excretion. Option A accurately describes the process of reabsorption. Option B describes the process of secretion. Option C describes filtration, the initial process in urine formation. Option D refers to renal plasma flow.

Question 9

The portion of the nephron that empties into a calyx is the:
A) distal tubule.
B) loop of Henle.
C) collecting tubule.
D) proximal tubule.

Accepted Answer

The portion of the nephron that empties into a calyx is the collecting tubule. The distal and proximal tubules and the loop of Henle are all located within the nephron, but the collecting tubule is the only one that empties into a calyx, which is part of the renal pelvis.

Question 10

There are how many openings in the urinary bladder?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

Accepted Answer

The urinary bladder has three openings: two for the ureters and one for the urethra. The ureters bring urine into the bladder from the kidneys, and the urethra carries urine out of the bladder for excretion.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a part of the glomerular-capsular membrane?
A) Parietal layer of Bowman capsule
B) Visceral layer of Bowman capsule
C) Glomerular endothelium
D) Basement membrane

Accepted Answer

The parietal layer of the Bowman capsule is not a part of the glomerular-capsular membrane. It is the outer layer of the Bowman capsule that lines the renal corpuscle. The glomerular-capsular membrane is made up of the glomerular endothelium, basement membrane, and visceral layer of the Bowman capsule.

Question 12

Cells called podocytes make up the:
A) parietal layer of Bowman capsule.
B) visceral layer of Bowman capsule.
C) glomerulus.
D) proximal tubule.

Accepted Answer

Podocytes are specialized cells forming the visceral layer (innermost layer) of Bowman's capsule in the kidney, which surrounds and supports the glomerulus.

Question 13

Of all the blood pumped per minute by the heart,approximately ____ goes through the kidneys.
A) 
B) 
C) 
D)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of all the blood pumped per minute...

Question 14

One difference between the male urethra and the female urethra is the male urethra is:
A) shorter.
B) part of two different body systems.
C) unique in that there are no additional ducts that merge with it.
D) both B and C.

Accepted Answer

The male urethra is part of both the urinary system, for the excretion of urine, and the reproductive system, for the passage of semen, making it part of two different body systems.

Question 15

Which of these statements is not true of the kidney?
A) The kidney is usually located next to the vertebrae from T12 to L3.
B) The kidney is retroperitoneal.
C) The kidney is protected by a heavy layer of fat.
D) All of the above are true of the kidney.

Accepted Answer

All of the statements provided are true regarding the kidney. The kidneys are located at the level of T12 to L3, are retroperitoneal (situated behind the peritoneum), and are indeed protected by a layer of fat, which helps cushion and protect them.

Question 16

Substances travel from the glomerulus into Bowman capsule by the process of:
A) diffusion.
B) active transport.
C) filtration.
D) osmosis.

Accepted Answer

Filtration is the process by which substances move from the glomerulus to Bowman capsule. This occurs due to the pressure gradient that is established by the hydrostatic pressure of blood within the glomerular capillaries. The other options, diffusion, active transport, and osmosis, are not primarily responsible for this movement of substances from the glomerulus to Bowman capsule.

Question 17

In the kidney,blood flows from the interlobular artery into the:
A) glomerulus.
B) efferent arteriole.
C) afferent arteriole.
D) peritubular capillaries.

Accepted Answer

Blood enters the glomerulus through the afferent arteriole, which then forms a cluster of capillaries known as the glomerulus. After passing through the glomerulus, the blood exits through the efferent arteriole and flows into the peritubular capillaries.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a normal function of the kidneys?
A) Synthesize prostaglandins
B) Regulate blood sugar
C) Produce hormones
D) Regulate blood electrolytes

Accepted Answer

The kidneys do not regulate blood sugar levels. This is primarily the role of the pancreas, which secretes insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose levels.

Question 19

Urine is conducted from the kidney to the urinary bladder through a tube called the:
A) renal column.
B) renal pelvis.
C) urethra.
D) ureter.

Accepted Answer

The urine is conducted from the kidney to the urinary bladder through a tube called the ureter. The renal column and renal pelvis are internal structures of the kidney, whereas the urethra is the tube that conducts urine out of the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

Question 20

The calyces of the kidney join together to form a large collection reservoir called the:
A) renal columns.
B) renal pyramids.
C) renal pelvis.
D) hilum.

Accepted Answer

The calyces merge to form the renal pelvis, which is a large collection reservoir within the kidney where urine is collected before it flows into the ureter. The renal columns are areas of cortical tissue that separate the renal pyramids, which are cone-shaped structures in the kidney. The hilum is the indented area of the kidney through which the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter pass.

Quiz 31: B: Urinary System

The function of the urinary bladder is to:

A portion of the nephron that can lie within the medulla is the:

The normal osmotic pressure of the capsular filtrate is _____ mm Hg.

At the beginning of the "plumbing system" of the urinary system,urine leaving the renal papilla is collected in the cuplike structures called:

Approximately how much blood flows through the kidneys per minute?

The shape of the kidney could best be described as _____-shaped.

Which of the following is(are) classified as an accessory organ of the urinary system?

Reabsorption,as performed in the kidney,may be defined as the:

The portion of the nephron that empties into a calyx is the:

There are how many openings in the urinary bladder?

Which of the following is not a part of the glomerular-capsular membrane?

Cells called podocytes make up the:

Of all the blood pumped per minute by the heart,approximately ____ goes through the kidneys.

One difference between the male urethra and the female urethra is the male urethra is:

Which of these statements is not true of the kidney?

Substances travel from the glomerulus into Bowman capsule by the process of:

In the kidney,blood flows from the interlobular artery into the:

Which of the following is not a normal function of the kidneys?

Urine is conducted from the kidney to the urinary bladder through a tube called the:

The calyces of the kidney join together to form a large collection reservoir called the: