Question 1

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in venous blood is approximately

Accepted Answer

The typical partial pressure of carbon dioxide in venous blood is around 45 mm Hg. This is because carbon dioxide is continuously produced as a waste product of cellular respiration and is transported in the blood back to the lungs to be eliminated through exhaling. The body regulates carbon dioxide levels in the blood by adjusting breathing rate and depth to maintain a balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 2

As an astronaut is lifted into Earth's orbit,what is the first change to take place in response to the drop in cabin pressure?

Accepted Answer

As cabin pressure drops, there will be a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere within the spacecraft. This will lead to a corresponding decrease in the alveolar partial pressure of oxygen (PO₂), as oxygen moves from alveoli to the pulmonary capillaries by diffusion.

Question 3

Which of the following can be calculated if the tidal volume and respiratory rate are known?

Accepted Answer

Minute volume is the amount of air moved in and out of the lungs per minute, which can be calculated by multiplying the tidal volume by the respiratory rate.

Question 4

Figure 23-2 Mechanics of Ventilation
Use Figure 23-2 to answer the following question:
-Which muscle(s)produce(s)the movement labeled "1"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of  
Figure 23-2 Mechanics of Ventilation
Use Figure...

Question 5

Figure 23-2 Mechanics of Ventilation
Use Figure 23-2 to answer the following question:
-Which muscle(s)contract(s)to cause the movement indicated by the arrows labeled "6" and "7"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of  
Figure 23-2 Mechanics of Ventilation
Use Figure...

Question 6

If a patient inhales as deeply as possible and then exhales as much as possible,the volume of air expelled would be the patient's

Accepted Answer

When a patient inhales and exhales as deeply and completely as possible, the volume of air expelled is their vital capacity. This is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a deep breath in, and it is the sum of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume. Therefore, the correct answer is E) vital capacity.

Question 7

Pulmonary ventilation refers to the

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary ventilation refers specifically to the movement of air into and out of the lungs. It does not refer to the movement of dissolved gases between the alveoli, blood, interstitial space, and cells, or to the utilization of oxygen.

Question 8

The function of pulmonary ventilation is to

Accepted Answer

The function of pulmonary ventilation is to maintain adequate alveolar ventilation, which involves the movement of air in and out of the lungs to ensure efficient gas exchange between the alveoli and blood vessels. This process ensures that oxygen is supplied to the blood and carbon dioxide is removed from the blood. Option A and B are partially correct, but do not encompass the full function of pulmonary ventilation. Option D is not entirely accurate as it refers to dead air space, which does not play a role in gas exchange. Option E is incorrect as gas exchange occurs in the alveoli, not the bronchioles.

Question 9

Alveolar ventilation refers to the

Accepted Answer

Alveolar ventilation specifically refers to the movement of air into and out of the alveoli, the tiny air sacs within the lungs where gas exchange occurs between the air and blood.

Question 10

Boyle's Law of Gases states that

Accepted Answer

Boyle's Law states that if the volume of a gas is increased, the pressure it exerts will decrease proportionally. Mathematically, this is expressed as PV=k, where P=pressure, V=volume, and k is a constant. Therefore, as the volume (V) goes up, the pressure (P) will go down.

Question 11

Figure 23-2 Mechanics of Ventilation
Use Figure 23-2 to answer the following question:
-How does the pressure "P4" at label "4" compare to the pressure "P5" at label "5"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of  
Figure 23-2 Mechanics of Ventilation
Use Figure...

Question 12

________ = respiratory rate × (tidal volume - anatomic dead space).

Accepted Answer

The formula provided in the question is for calculating alveolar ventilation rate, which is the amount of air that actually reaches the alveoli and participates in gas exchange. Tidal volume is the amount of air exchanged in each breath, while anatomic dead space is the portion of the airway that doesn't participate in gas exchange (such as the trachea and bronchi). Multiplying the respiratory rate (breaths per minute) by the difference between tidal volume and anatomic dead space gives us the alveolar ventilation rate (liters of air per minute). Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking a deep breath, respiratory minute volume is the amount of air exchanged in one minute, and pulmonary ventilation rate and external respiration rate are not commonly used terms in respiratory physiology.

Question 13

While playing in an intramural football game,Joe is tackled so hard that he breaks a rib.He can actually feel a piece of the rib sticking through the skin and he is having a difficult time breathing.Joe probably is suffering from

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described suggest that Joe is suffering from a pneumothorax, which is a collapsed lung. The piece of rib sticking through the skin may have punctured the lung, causing air to enter the chest cavity and put pressure on the lung, making it unable to expand fully. This can make it difficult to breathe. None of the other options mentioned would explain Joe's symptoms.

Question 14

Henry's law states that

Accepted Answer

Henry's law relates to the solubility of a gas in a solvent. It states that the amount of gas dissolved in a solvent is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the solvent, and the proportionality constant is the solubility of the gas. Therefore, choice C is the best answer. The other choices are related to different laws or concepts, such as Boyle's law (B and E), Dalton's law (D), or the general gas law (A).

Question 15

Dalton's law states that

Accepted Answer

Dalton's law, also known as the law of partial pressures, states that in a mixture of gases, the total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases. This means that the pressure exerted by each gas in the mixture is independent of the other gases and is proportional to its concentration in the mixture. This law is important in fields such as chemistry and physics where gases are commonly dealt with in mixtures.

Question 16

Figure 23-2 Mechanics of Ventilation
Use Figure 23-2 to answer the following question:
-What pressure will be present in the space labeled "4"?

Accepted Answer

Space labeled "4" is the alveolar space and is connected to the outside air through the airways. Therefore, the pressure in this space will be subatmospheric (lower than atmospheric pressure) during inspiration and slightly higher than atmospheric pressure during expiration, allowing air to flow in and out of the lungs.

Question 17

Figure 23-2 Mechanics of Ventilation
Use Figure 23-2 to answer the following question:
-What is the relationship between the pressures at label "8"?

Accepted Answer

At label "8", the pressure inside the lungs is greater than the pressure outside the body, creating a pressure gradient that allows for air to flow into the lungs during inhalation. This pressure difference is known as the transpulmonary pressure gradient. Therefore, the correct relationship between the pressures at label "8" is that P outside < P inside.

Question 18

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is

Accepted Answer

The answer of Air moves out of the lungs when...

Question 19

Figure 23-2 Mechanics of Ventilation
Use Figure 23-2 to answer the following question:
-What is the relationship between the pressures at label "3"?

Accepted Answer

The pressure outside (P outside) is greater than the pressure inside (P inside) due to the Bernoulli's principle, which states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure.

Question 20

The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is approximately

Accepted Answer

The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is approximately 100 mm Hg. This is because oxygen binds to hemoglobin in the red blood cells, forming oxyhemoglobin, which is then transported to the tissues. The high partial pressure ensures that enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues for normal physiological function.

Quiz 23: The Respiratory System

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in venous blood is approximately

As an astronaut is lifted into Earth's orbit,what is the first change to take place in response to the drop in cabin pressure?

Which of the following can be calculated if the tidal volume and respiratory rate are known?

Figure 23-2 Mechanics of Ventilation Use Figure 23-2 to answer the following question: -Which muscle(s) produce(s) the movement labeled "1"?

Figure 23-2 Mechanics of Ventilation Use Figure 23-2 to answer the following question: -Which muscle(s) contract(s) to cause the movement indicated by the arrows labeled "6" and "7"?

If a patient inhales as deeply as possible and then exhales as much as possible,the volume of air expelled would be the patient's

Pulmonary ventilation refers to the

The function of pulmonary ventilation is to

Alveolar ventilation refers to the

Boyle's Law of Gases states that

Figure 23-2 Mechanics of Ventilation Use Figure 23-2 to answer the following question: -How does the pressure "P4" at label "4" compare to the pressure "P5" at label "5"?

________ = respiratory rate × (tidal volume - anatomic dead space) .

While playing in an intramural football game,Joe is tackled so hard that he breaks a rib.He can actually feel a piece of the rib sticking through the skin and he is having a difficult time breathing.Joe probably is suffering from

Henry's law states that

Dalton's law states that

Figure 23-2 Mechanics of Ventilation Use Figure 23-2 to answer the following question: -What pressure will be present in the space labeled "4"?

Figure 23-2 Mechanics of Ventilation Use Figure 23-2 to answer the following question: -What is the relationship between the pressures at label "8"?

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is

Figure 23-2 Mechanics of Ventilation Use Figure 23-2 to answer the following question: -What is the relationship between the pressures at label "3"?

The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is approximately