Question 1

Different standards for air quality depending on whether the sources are located in clean areas or polluted areas.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. In some areas, there may be more lenient standards for air quality if the air is already polluted beyond certain levels. On the other hand, in areas with relatively clean air, the standards may be more strict to maintain that level of cleanliness.

Question 2

National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permits can be issued even if a discharge will violate water-quality standards.

Accepted Answer

NPDES permits may be issued with limitations and conditions to mitigate and control any harmful effects of the discharge on water quality. However, if a discharge causes or contributes to a violation of water-quality standards, the permit may be modified or revoked by regulatory authorities. The issuance of an NPDES permit does not give the permit holder the right to violate water-quality standards.

Question 3

Those who knowingly violate the Clean Air Act may be subject to criminal liability.

Accepted Answer

The Clean Air Act includes criminal penalties for those who knowingly violate its provisions.

Question 4

Spicy Salsa,Inc.,complains to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)about an ad broadcast by Tangy Taco Sauce Company,Spicy Salsa's competitor. The FTC investigates and concludes that the ad is deceptive. The FTC's next step is to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Spicy Salsa,Inc.,complains to the Federal Trade Commission...

Question 5

Businesses that engage in ultrahazardous activities are not liable for any injuries the activities cause.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Businesses engaging in ultrahazardous activities can be held liable for any injuries caused by those activities.

Question 6

In its ads,Crunchy Inc. makes various claims about its snack products. Crunchy's advertising claims would most likely be deemed deceptive if the claims

Accepted Answer

The most likely reason for Crunchy's advertising claims to be deemed deceptive is if they mislead a reasonable consumer. This means that the claims are not true or are misleading, causing the consumer to believe something that is not accurate. Vague generalities and obvious exaggerations may also be considered deceptive, but the most important factor is if they are misleading to the consumer.

Question 7

Under the Clean Water Act,criminal penalties apply whether a violation was intentional or unintentional.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Under the Clean Water Act,criminal penalties apply...

Question 8

New sources of water pollutants must install pollution-control equipment before beginning operations.

Accepted Answer

This is a requirement by law under the Clean Water Act. New sources of water pollutants must obtain a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which includes requirements for installing pollution-control equipment.

Question 9

With regard to air pollution,there is one set of ambient standards-maximum permissible levels of certain pollutants-and the federal government formulates plans to achieve them.

Accepted Answer

The federal government sets ambient air quality standards, but states are responsible for formulating plans to achieve and maintain these standards.

Question 10

The Environmental Protection Agency sets maximum levels for pollutants in public water systems.

Accepted Answer

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) establishes and enforces regulations for pollutants in public drinking water systems, including maximum contaminant levels.

Question 11

Performance standards for new sources of water pollution require the use of any available control technology,or AACT.

Accepted Answer

Performance standards for new sources of water pollution typically require the use of the Best Available Control Technology (BACT), not AACT.

Question 12

The government can recover the cost to clean up a hazardous waste disposal site from the persons who were even remotely responsible.

Accepted Answer

This is known as the "polluter pays" principle and is a common approach in environmental law for ensuring that those responsible for environmental damage, including hazardous waste disposal, bear the cost of remediation.

Question 13

Public water systems operators must come as close as possible to meeting the Environmental Protection Agency's standards by using any available technology.

Accepted Answer

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires public water systems to meet specific standards using the best available technology that is economically and technologically feasible, not just any available technology.

Question 14

Hearth & Home Furniture store advertises bedroom suites at a "Special Low Price of $599." When Ilene tries to buy one of the suites,Jill,the salesperson,tells her that they are all sold and no more are obtainable. Jill adds that Hearth & Home has other bedroom suites available for as low as $2,599. This is

Accepted Answer

This is bait-and-switch advertising because Hearth & Home advertised a bedroom suite at a special low price but did not have any available for sale, and then tried to sell Ilene a more expensive suite instead.

Question 15

It is a violation of federal law to sell a pesticide or herbicide that has a chemical strength different from the concentration declared on the label.

Accepted Answer

This is true according to the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) which regulates the registration, distribution, sale and use of pesticides in the United States. The label is the legal document that specifies the chemical composition and concentration of the pesticide, and selling an incorrectly labeled product is a violation of federal law.

Question 16

The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System focuses only on industrial wastewater and storm water discharges.

Accepted Answer

The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) regulates the discharge of pollutants from a variety of sources, including industrial wastewater and storm water, as well as municipal wastewater treatment plants and concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). It covers both point source and non-point source discharges.

Question 17

Wild Things,Inc. (WTI),in its ads,makes claims about its products that are obvious exaggerations and claims that are false but appear to be true. WTI may be subject to sanctions for

Accepted Answer

False claims that appear to be true can be misleading and are subject to sanctions, while obvious exaggerations are typically considered puffery and not actionable.

Question 18

Soundbites Corporation makes and markets cellphones. Soundbites's ad states that on its phones voices and text come through as "clear as the sky on a cloudless day." The Federal Trade Commission would consider this claim

Accepted Answer

The claim is likely considered puffery, which is a subjective statement that is not meant to be taken literally and is generally not actionable under FTC guidelines.

Question 19

There are no defenses to liability under the Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation,and Liability Act.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There are no defenses to liability under...

Question 20

A public authority,such as a state's attorney general,can sue to stop a "public" nuisance.

Accepted Answer

A public authority has the power to sue to stop a public nuisance, which is defined as an activity that affects the health, safety, or welfare of a community.

Quiz 39: Consumer and Environmental Law