Question 1

According to Bourgois in "Poverty at Work: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," his informant,Primo,

Accepted Answer

Bourgois describes how Primo struggled to fit in with the office culture and maintain his street identity, ultimately leading to his failure at the job. Primo did hold a job in the office environment, but he had to quit due to his inability to adapt to the professional culture. There is no mention of him leaving a job due to low pay or any health issues such as repetitive stress syndrome.

Question 2

Gift giving among family members at Christmas is an example of

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal exchange involves gift giving and receiving with the expectation of equivalent gifts or favors in return. Christmas gift giving among family members often follows this pattern, with individuals giving gifts to their relatives with the expectation that they will receive gifts in return. This type of exchange is based on social relationships rather than market transactions, removing it from options A and B. Option D, redistributive exchange, involves the collection and distribution of goods or resources by a central authority, which does not apply to gift giving during the holidays.

Question 3

According to Bourgois in "Poverty at Work: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," East Harlem men and women view their neighbors who manage to follow the "white woman's rules" during the day and street culture at night as

Accepted Answer

Bourgois suggests that East Harlem men and women see those who conform to mainstream norms during the day and engage in street culture at night as being ashamed of their true identity, as they are perceived to be hiding their authentic selves.

Question 4

In "Poverty at Work: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," Bourgois argues that the most important reason that second generation Puerto Rican men living in Spanish Harlem find it unpleasant to work in New York City's professional offices is

Accepted Answer

Bourgois argues that the most important reason that second generation Puerto Rican men find it unpleasant to work in New York City's professional offices is that they feel they are treated with disrespect. Bourgois suggests that these men are often seen as "invisible" or "disposable" by their employers and coworkers due to their race, ethnicity, and social class. This leads to a feeling of low self-worth and a lack of motivation to continue working in such environments. While pay and transportation may also be issues for some individuals, Bourgois highlights the social and cultural factors of workplace discrimination as the primary reason for the discomfort and dissatisfaction experienced by these workers.

Question 5

In "Reciprocity and the Power of Giving," Cronk notes that three of the following are good examples of reciprocal gift giving.Which one is not?

Accepted Answer

Shoes bought at a local mall is not a traditional example of reciprocal gift giving, and does not involve the exchange of goods or services between two parties with the expectation of something in return.

Question 6

Some acts of reciprocal gift giving may not always be benevolent,as in the case of

Accepted Answer

Potlatching is a gift-giving practice among indigenous communities in North America that involves competitive gift-giving and destruction of wealth. It is often used to establish social status or to settle disputes, making it a form of reciprocal gift-giving that may not always be benevolent. Choices A, B, and D do not necessarily involve competitive or destructive elements and are often motivated by a desire to share knowledge or resources.

Question 7

According to Cronk in "Reciprocity and the Power of Giving," the Mount Hagen tribes of New Guinea use a gift giving system called "moka" to gain prestige and

Accepted Answer

The Mount Hagen tribes of New Guinea use the gift giving system called "moka" to shame rivals and gain prestige. The bigger the gift given, the more prestige and status the giver acquires, and the more shame the recipient feels for not being able to reciprocate with a bigger gift.

Question 8

According to Cronk in "Reciprocity and the Power of Giving," the Kwakiutl potlatch is a good example of a way to

Accepted Answer

The Kwakiutl potlatch is highlighted as a means to fight or flatten social rivals through the demonstration of wealth and generosity, which can put social pressure on others to reciprocate or acknowledge the giver's higher status or wealth.

Question 9

One would expect to find the least job specialization in a

Accepted Answer

In a hunting and gathering society, there is little job specialization as individuals are required to perform a variety of tasks in order to survive. Everyone is involved in hunting, gathering, and food preparation, and there is little distinction between different job roles.

Question 10

The first phase of the coal mining reclamation process is

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first phase of the coal mining...

Question 11

According to Bourgois in "Poverty at Work: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," the New York City economy

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Bourgois in "Poverty at Work:...

Question 12

The cultural knowledge for making and using tools and extracting and refining raw materials is called

Accepted Answer

The cultural knowledge for making and using tools and extracting and refining raw materials is defined as technology. Option A, production, can refer broadly to the act of creating goods and services, and option B, division of labor, refers to the specialization of work within a society. Option C, unit of production, is an ambiguous phrase that could refer to a variety of aspects of production.

Question 13

Taxes would best be classified as a form of

Accepted Answer

Taxes are a form of redistributive exchange because they involve the collection of resources by the government from individuals and businesses, which are then redistributed to fund public services and welfare programs.

Question 14

In "Reciprocity and the Power of Giving," Cronk,citing work by sociologist Warren Hagstrom,argues that __________ represent gifts in a system of reciprocal exchange.

Accepted Answer

Citations in academic articles are viewed as gifts in a system of reciprocal exchange, according to Cronk's interpretation of Hagstrom's work, highlighting the social and professional currency of acknowledging others' contributions in scholarly work.

Question 15

The provision of goods and services to meet biological and social wants is called

Accepted Answer

The answer of The provision of goods and services to...

Question 16

According to Bourgois in "Poverty at Work: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," as reported in the 1990 census,

Accepted Answer

Bourgois reports that only 48.3 percent of men living in Spanish Harlem are "officially employed" according to the 1990 census. The other answer choices are not supported by Bourgois' research in this article.

Question 17

An economic philosophy that emphasizes the free movement of goods,capital,and services,with cuts to public expenditures for social services is called

Accepted Answer

The philosophy described in the question is characteristic of neo-liberalism, which advocates for free trade, deregulation, and reduced government spending on public services.

Question 18

In "Reciprocity and the Power of Giving," Cronk,reporting on a study by Grace Goodell,notes that monetary support of an irrigation project by the _________ served to __________ in Iran.

Accepted Answer

The study by Grace Goodell, as reported by Cronk, indicates that the monetary support from the World Bank for an irrigation project in Iran had the effect of crushing local-level political organizations.

Question 19

According to Bourgois in "Poverty at Work: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," the unionized jobs associated with manufacturing in New York

Accepted Answer

Bourgois argues that the unionized jobs associated with manufacturing in New York provided some freedom for rebellious behavior among Puerto Rican workers, which was not available in non-unionized jobs. While Bourgois does mention the lifetime security provided by these jobs, he also notes that they were difficult to obtain due to discrimination against Puerto Rican workers. He does not discuss the education requirements for these jobs, so option D cannot be considered the best choice.

Question 20

According to Bourgois in "Poverty at Work: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," second generation Puerto Rican men failed at entry-level service sector jobs because

Accepted Answer

Bourgois argues that cultural differences, including appearance and demeanor, led to misunderstandings and fear among middle-class Anglos, contributing to the failure of Puerto Rican men in these jobs.

Quiz 4: Economic Systems