Question 1

When using brain-based polygraph techniques,what does ERP stand for?
A) emotional response pattern
B) event response pattern
C) event-related brain potential
D) emotional-related brain potential
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

ERP stands for event-related brain potential, which is a type of brain activity that occurs in response to a specific stimulus or event. This activity can be measured and analyzed to detect patterns that may indicate deception or other types of cognitive processes.

Question 2

Several types of studies may be used to validate polygraph techniques.Which type of study would likely involve a comparison of the accuracy between original examiners and blind evaluators,using actual criminal suspects?
A) field analogue study
B) laboratory study
C) ground truth study
D) guilty knowledge study
E) field study

Accepted Answer

Field studies involve real-life scenarios, such as actual criminal investigations, where the accuracy of polygraph examiners can be compared to that of blind evaluators. This setting allows for the evaluation of polygraph techniques in practical, real-world situations.

Question 3

"During the first 20 years of your life,did you ever think of seriously hurting someone? " This is an example of what type of polygraph question?
A) a relevant question
B) an irrelevant question
C) a concealed information question
D) a comparison question
E) a suppressed question

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

In laboratory studies of the accuracy of polygraph tests,it has been found that the Comparison Question Test is _______ effective at detecting ________ suspects,whereas the Concealed Information Test is ______ effective at detecting ________ suspects.
A) more, guilty / more, innocent
B) less, guilty / more, guilty
C) more, innocent / less, guilty
D) less, innocent / less, guilty
E) more, guilty / less, innocent

Accepted Answer

The answer of In laboratory studies of the accuracy of...

Question 5

Which of the following is true of the polygraph?
A) Polygraph results are regularly admitted as evidence in Canadian courts.
B) The most common polygraph method used currently is the Comparison Question Test (CQT).
C) The polygraph directly measures whether a person is lying.
D) Rresearch indicates that physical countermeasures are largely ineffective in "beating" the polygraph.
E) Research conducted thus far indicates the polygraph is highly accurate at detecting deception.

Accepted Answer

The Comparison Question Test (CQT) is the most commonly used method in polygraph examinations.

Question 6

What sorts of decision errors are problematic when using the Concealed Information Test (CIT)?
A) false-positive errors
B) false-negative errors
C) true-positive errors
D) true-negative errors
E) false-true errors

Accepted Answer

The answer of What sorts of decision errors are problematic...

Question 7

What has been identified as a major problem particular to the Comparison Question Test (CQT)?
A) high false-negative rate
B) high false-positive rate
C) the use of extra-polygraph cues by the examiner
D) falsely classifying guilty suspects as innocent
E) difficult to tell, because no North American studies have been conducted on the CQT

Accepted Answer

The major problem identified with the Comparison Question Test (CQT) is its high false-positive rate, which means that innocent people are sometimes wrongly identified as guilty.

Question 8

Which of the following has not been found effective as a countermeasure to "beat" the polygraph test?
A) tongue-biting
B) pressing toes on the floor
C) counting backwards
D) anti-anxiety drugs
E) all of the above have been found effective as countermeasures

Accepted Answer

Anti-anxiety drugs have not been consistently found to be effective as a countermeasure to "beat" the polygraph test. The other options listed have been identified as potentially effective countermeasures. However, it is important to note that attempting to manipulate the results of a polygraph test can have legal consequences and is not recommended.

Question 9

Which verbal indicator has been most strongly associated with deception?
A) speech fillers
B) voice pitch
C) speech pauses
D) speech errors (e.g., slips of the tongue)
E) rate of speech

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which verbal indicator has been most strongly...

Question 10

According to your textbook,what is the most common physiological response measured when administering the Concealed Information Test (CIT)?
A) palmar sweating
B) heart rate
C) blood pressure
D) eye blinks
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, the most common physiological response measured when administering the Concealed Information Test (CIT) is palmar sweating.

Question 11

The Comparison Question Test has been criticized for:
A) being susceptible to countermeasures
B) having a high false-false rate
C) using subjective methods of scoring
D) assuming that innocent suspects will show larger responses to the comparison questions as compared to the relevant
E) all of the above

Accepted Answer

The Comparison Question Test (CQT) has been criticized for several reasons, including its susceptibility to countermeasures, high false-positive (false-false) rate, use of subjective methods of scoring, and assumption that innocent suspects will show larger responses to the comparison questions as compared to the relevant questions. Therefore, option E (all of the above) is the best choice.

Question 12

You have been falsely accused of stealing a laptop computer from a professor's office.The police have requested that you take a polygraph test to prove your innocence.In light of your knowledge of the types of errors most likely to be made by different types of polygraph exams,you agree to do so only if the examiner uses the:
A) comparison question test
B) relevant/irrelevant test
C) zone of comparison format of scoring
D) statement validity procedure
E) concealed information test

Accepted Answer

The concealed information test (CIT), also known as the guilty knowledge test, is designed to determine if the examinee knows details about a crime that only the perpetrator would know. This method reduces the likelihood of false positives, making it a more reliable choice for someone falsely accused and wanting to prove their innocence.

Question 13

Which of the following techniques has not been proposed as a method of detecting deception?
A) ERPs
B) fMRI
C) "facial temperature"
D) polygraph
E) TAT

Accepted Answer

All of the other techniques listed (ERPs, fMRI, "facial temperature", and polygraph) have been proposed as methods of detecting deception, but the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective test used to assess personality and emotions, not deception.

Question 14

The first polygraph test was developed by:
A) Stephen Porter
B) William Marston
C) a group of FBI researchers
D) James Frye
E) Hugo Munsterberg

Accepted Answer

William Marston developed the first polygraph test in the early 20th century. Marston was also known for creating the comic book character Wonder Woman.

Question 15

Which of the following are potential applications of the polygraph in Canada?
A) Polygraph testing is used to screen prospective employees in certain agencies.
B) Polygraph results are used to pressure individuals to confess to a crime.
C) A polygraph test may be administered to the alleged victim of a crime to help determine whether the crime has indeed occurred.
D) A polygraph test may be administered to verify insurance claims.
E) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Polygraph testing is used in Canada for various purposes, including screening prospective employees, verifying insurance claims, and assisting in criminal investigations.

Question 16

Most polygraph examiners using the Comparison Question Test (CQT)score according to the:
A) suspect's demeanour during the test
B) information from the case file
C) physiological responses
D) suspect's past criminal record
E) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Polygraph examiners using the Comparison Question Test (CQT) score the physiological responses of the suspect during the test, which are believed to indicate deception or truthfulness. The other options listed may be considered by the examiner but are not used to score the CQT.

Question 17

Which of the following is not measured by the polygraph test?
A) heart rate
B) galvanic skin response
C) micro facial expressions
D) breathing
E) the polygraph measures all of these things

Accepted Answer

The polygraph test does measure heart rate, galvanic skin response, breathing, and other physical responses, but it cannot detect micro facial expressions as they are too subtle and can be easily concealed. Therefore, the correct answer is C, micro facial expressions are not measured by the polygraph test.

Question 18

One advantage of using laboratory studies to test the accuracy of the polygraph is that __________; one disadvantage is __________ as compared to field studies.
A) you have better control over the variables / ground truth cannot be established
B) ground truth is known / the motivational level of the subject
C) you can randomly assign subjects to innocent and guilty conditions / you have more control over the variables
D) university students are used / the motivational level of the subject
E) you can randomly assign subjects to innocent and guilty conditions / it is unethical

Accepted Answer

The advantage of using laboratory studies to test the accuracy of the polygraph is that ground truth is known, meaning researchers can accurately determine whether a subject is guilty or innocent. However, a disadvantage is that the motivational level of the subject may not be as high as it would be in a real-life situation.

Question 19

The polygraph measures
A) changes in emotional arousal associated specifically with deception
B) changes in blood pressure, voice modulation, and perspiration
C) changes in blood pressure, respiration, and palmar sweating
D) increases in emotional arousal in response to the control question compared to the relevant question, indicative of deception
E) changes in blood pressure, brain-wave activity, and respiration

Accepted Answer

The polygraph measures changes in blood pressure, respiration, and palmar sweating. While changes in emotional arousal may be associated with deception, the polygraph does not specifically measure this. Brain-wave activity and voice modulation may also be measured in some polygraph tests, but these are not the main components of the test. Option D is also incorrect as the polygraph does not compare specific control and relevant questions to indicate deception.

Question 20

In Canada the polygraph is used primarily in which context?
A) police investigations
B) employment screening
C) treatment of sexual offenders
D) management of sexual offenders
E) court to assess the credibility of witnesses

Accepted Answer

The polygraph is primarily used in police investigations in Canada. It is used to help determine the credibility of suspects and witnesses, and can be used as evidence in court. The use of polygraph in employment screening and treatment/management of sexual offenders is not currently permitted in Canada. Its use in court for assessing witness credibility is limited and rare.

Quiz 4: Deception

When using brain-based polygraph techniques,what does ERP stand for?

Several types of studies may be used to validate polygraph techniques.Which type of study would likely involve a comparison of the accuracy between original examiners and blind evaluators,using actual criminal suspects?

"During the first 20 years of your life,did you ever think of seriously hurting someone? " This is an example of what type of polygraph question?

In laboratory studies of the accuracy of polygraph tests,it has been found that the Comparison Question Test is _ effective at detecting suspects,whereas the Concealed Information Test is effective at detecting ____ suspects.

Which of the following is true of the polygraph?

What sorts of decision errors are problematic when using the Concealed Information Test (CIT) ?

What has been identified as a major problem particular to the Comparison Question Test (CQT) ?

Which of the following has not been found effective as a countermeasure to "beat" the polygraph test?

Which verbal indicator has been most strongly associated with deception?

According to your textbook,what is the most common physiological response measured when administering the Concealed Information Test (CIT) ?

The Comparison Question Test has been criticized for:

Which of the following techniques has not been proposed as a method of detecting deception?

The first polygraph test was developed by:

Which of the following are potential applications of the polygraph in Canada?

Most polygraph examiners using the Comparison Question Test (CQT) score according to the:

Which of the following is not measured by the polygraph test?

One advantage of using laboratory studies to test the accuracy of the polygraph is that ; one disadvantage is as compared to field studies.

The polygraph measures

In Canada the polygraph is used primarily in which context?