Question 1

When faced with ethical dilemmas,which are some of the elements of risk management that can assist nurses in decision making? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) In addition to the ANA code of conduct in ethical situations, education and didactic training represent another source for developing primary risk-management skills. A practitioner's professional network, consisting of peers, supervisors, and colleagues, can be a significant resource for primary prevention of ethical challenges. Resource accumulation involves acquiring the requisite resources and skills prior to the occurrence of a dilemma. Righteousness and financial support are not elements of risk management.
B) In addition to the ANA code of conduct in ethical situations, education and didactic training represent another source for developing primary risk-management skills. A practitioner's professional network, consisting of peers, supervisors, and colleagues, can be a significant resource for primary prevention of ethical challenges. Resource accumulation involves acquiring the requisite resources and skills prior to the occurrence of a dilemma. Righteousness and financial support are not elements of risk management.
C) In addition to the ANA code of conduct in ethical situations, education and didactic training represent another source for developing primary risk-management skills. A practitioner's professional network, consisting of peers, supervisors, and colleagues, can be a significant resource for primary prevention of ethical challenges. Resource accumulation involves acquiring the requisite resources and skills prior to the occurrence of a dilemma. Righteousness and financial support are not elements of risk management.
D) In addition to the ANA code of conduct in ethical situations, education and didactic training represent another source for developing primary risk-management skills. A practitioner's professional network, consisting of peers, supervisors, and colleagues, can be a significant resource for primary prevention of ethical challenges. Resource accumulation involves acquiring the requisite resources and skills prior to the occurrence of a dilemma. Righteousness and financial support are not elements of risk management.
E) In addition to the ANA code of conduct in ethical situations, education and didactic training represent another source for developing primary risk-management skills. A practitioner's professional network, consisting of peers, supervisors, and colleagues, can be a significant resource for primary prevention of ethical challenges. Resource accumulation involves acquiring the requisite resources and skills prior to the occurrence of a dilemma. Righteousness and financial support are not elements of risk management.

Question 2

The nurse is caring for an older adult client who will undergo surgery in the morning.While assessing the client,the nurse discovers that the client does not have an adequate understanding of the procedure.The nurse discusses the situation with the charge nurse to determine the best course.Which is the reason for the nurse to take action in this situation?

Accepted Answer

A) Sometimes older adults forget and get confused. However, the nurse should notify the surgeon because the client has the right to informed consent. The client's age is not the reason for the nurse taking action. The family does not make the decision regarding surgery unless the client has been declared incompetent by the court. The nurse would want to have the surgery explained for the client's sake, not because the nurse signed the form.
B) Sometimes older adults forget and get confused. However, the nurse should notify the surgeon because the client has the right to informed consent. The client's age is not the reason for the nurse taking action. The family does not make the decision regarding surgery unless the client has been declared incompetent by the court. The nurse would want to have the surgery explained for the client's sake, not because the nurse signed the form.
C) Sometimes older adults forget and get confused. However, the nurse should notify the surgeon because the client has the right to informed consent. The client's age is not the reason for the nurse taking action. The family does not make the decision regarding surgery unless the client has been declared incompetent by the court. The nurse would want to have the surgery explained for the client's sake, not because the nurse signed the form.
D) Sometimes older adults forget and get confused. However, the nurse should notify the surgeon because the client has the right to informed consent. The client's age is not the reason for the nurse taking action. The family does not make the decision regarding surgery unless the client has been declared incompetent by the court. The nurse would want to have the surgery explained for the client's sake, not because the nurse signed the form.

Question 3

Staff at the hospital have decided to strike in order to try to improve working conditions.Which are some of the ethical issues that a nurse working in the hospital will have to consider when deciding whether or not to honor the picket line? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Strikers may be concerned about patient care as it is related to adequate staffing. Strikes may adversely affect patient care and outcomes. Nurses may feel allegiance to a hospital where they have worked for years. The desire to take time off and the need for higher pay are not ethical issues.
B) Strikers may be concerned about patient care as it is related to adequate staffing. Strikes may adversely affect patient care and outcomes. Nurses may feel allegiance to a hospital where they have worked for years. The desire to take time off and the need for higher pay are not ethical issues.
C) Strikers may be concerned about patient care as it is related to adequate staffing. Strikes may adversely affect patient care and outcomes. Nurses may feel allegiance to a hospital where they have worked for years. The desire to take time off and the need for higher pay are not ethical issues.
D) Strikers may be concerned about patient care as it is related to adequate staffing. Strikes may adversely affect patient care and outcomes. Nurses may feel allegiance to a hospital where they have worked for years. The desire to take time off and the need for higher pay are not ethical issues.
E) Strikers may be concerned about patient care as it is related to adequate staffing. Strikes may adversely affect patient care and outcomes. Nurses may feel allegiance to a hospital where they have worked for years. The desire to take time off and the need for higher pay are not ethical issues.

Question 4

A nurse has taken a position in the hospital setting.The nurse knows one role of the professional nurse is that of client advocate.Which must the nurse be aware of in preparation to act as a client advocate? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) The nurse reviews the rights statement of the hospital because it more specifically identifies which hospital workers assist clients who feel their rights have been violated. The unit policy manual will not have a separate policy statement from the hospital. The health department will have a client rights statement, but the hospital's statement is more specific to the client's need. The nurse will not need the rights of clients in long-term care facilities as the client is in the hospital.
B) The nurse reviews the rights statement of the hospital because it more specifically identifies which hospital workers assist clients who feel their rights have been violated. The unit policy manual will not have a separate policy statement from the hospital. The health department will have a client rights statement, but the hospital's statement is more specific to the client's need. The nurse will not need the rights of clients in long-term care facilities as the client is in the hospital.
C) The nurse reviews the rights statement of the hospital because it more specifically identifies which hospital workers assist clients who feel their rights have been violated. The unit policy manual will not have a separate policy statement from the hospital. The health department will have a client rights statement, but the hospital's statement is more specific to the client's need. The nurse will not need the rights of clients in long-term care facilities as the client is in the hospital.
D) The nurse reviews the rights statement of the hospital because it more specifically identifies which hospital workers assist clients who feel their rights have been violated. The unit policy manual will not have a separate policy statement from the hospital. The health department will have a client rights statement, but the hospital's statement is more specific to the client's need. The nurse will not need the rights of clients in long-term care facilities as the client is in the hospital.
E) The nurse reviews the rights statement of the hospital because it more specifically identifies which hospital workers assist clients who feel their rights have been violated. The unit policy manual will not have a separate policy statement from the hospital. The health department will have a client rights statement, but the hospital's statement is more specific to the client's need. The nurse will not need the rights of clients in long-term care facilities as the client is in the hospital.

Question 5

The nurse on the transplant organ team encounters new ethical dilemmas with the advent of social and technological changes.Which dilemmas might the transplant team encounter today? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Advances in the ability to decode and control the growth of tissues through gene manipulation present new potential ethical dilemmas related to cloning organisms and altering the course of hereditary diseases and biological characteristics. Today, with treatments that can prolong and enhance biologic life, these questions arise: Should we do what we know we can? Who should be treated-everyone, only those who can pay, only those who have a chance to improve? Who decides who receives treatment?
B) Advances in the ability to decode and control the growth of tissues through gene manipulation present new potential ethical dilemmas related to cloning organisms and altering the course of hereditary diseases and biological characteristics. Today, with treatments that can prolong and enhance biologic life, these questions arise: Should we do what we know we can? Who should be treated-everyone, only those who can pay, only those who have a chance to improve? Who decides who receives treatment?
C) Advances in the ability to decode and control the growth of tissues through gene manipulation present new potential ethical dilemmas related to cloning organisms and altering the course of hereditary diseases and biological characteristics. Today, with treatments that can prolong and enhance biologic life, these questions arise: Should we do what we know we can? Who should be treated-everyone, only those who can pay, only those who have a chance to improve? Who decides who receives treatment?
D) Advances in the ability to decode and control the growth of tissues through gene manipulation present new potential ethical dilemmas related to cloning organisms and altering the course of hereditary diseases and biological characteristics. Today, with treatments that can prolong and enhance biologic life, these questions arise: Should we do what we know we can? Who should be treated-everyone, only those who can pay, only those who have a chance to improve? Who decides who receives treatment?
E) Advances in the ability to decode and control the growth of tissues through gene manipulation present new potential ethical dilemmas related to cloning organisms and altering the course of hereditary diseases and biological characteristics. Today, with treatments that can prolong and enhance biologic life, these questions arise: Should we do what we know we can? Who should be treated-everyone, only those who can pay, only those who have a chance to improve? Who decides who receives treatment?

Question 6

The nurse is caring for a client who has chosen to discontinue hemodialysis.The client's family,however,is not supportive of the decision.The nurse who uses the theory of principles-based reasoning would make which statement regarding the current situation?

Accepted Answer

A) Principles-based theories stress individual rights, such as autonomy. The client has the ability to make the decision, and it is his right to autonomy to do that. Trying to help the family understand the client's decision is an example of a caring-based theory in practice. Caring theories, or relationship theories, stress courage, generosity, commitment, and the need to nurture and maintain relationships. Caring theories promote the common good or the welfare of the group. Considering the client's condition and the outcome of treatment is an example of consequence-based reasoning, in which the nurse looks at the outcomes of the client's decision. The client's understanding of his decision and its consequences does not address the client's right to make a decision autonomously.
B) Principles-based theories stress individual rights, such as autonomy. The client has the ability to make the decision, and it is his right to autonomy to do that. Trying to help the family understand the client's decision is an example of a caring-based theory in practice. Caring theories, or relationship theories, stress courage, generosity, commitment, and the need to nurture and maintain relationships. Caring theories promote the common good or the welfare of the group. Considering the client's condition and the outcome of treatment is an example of consequence-based reasoning, in which the nurse looks at the outcomes of the client's decision. The client's understanding of his decision and its consequences does not address the client's right to make a decision autonomously.
C) Principles-based theories stress individual rights, such as autonomy. The client has the ability to make the decision, and it is his right to autonomy to do that. Trying to help the family understand the client's decision is an example of a caring-based theory in practice. Caring theories, or relationship theories, stress courage, generosity, commitment, and the need to nurture and maintain relationships. Caring theories promote the common good or the welfare of the group. Considering the client's condition and the outcome of treatment is an example of consequence-based reasoning, in which the nurse looks at the outcomes of the client's decision. The client's understanding of his decision and its consequences does not address the client's right to make a decision autonomously.
D) Principles-based theories stress individual rights, such as autonomy. The client has the ability to make the decision, and it is his right to autonomy to do that. Trying to help the family understand the client's decision is an example of a caring-based theory in practice. Caring theories, or relationship theories, stress courage, generosity, commitment, and the need to nurture and maintain relationships. Caring theories promote the common good or the welfare of the group. Considering the client's condition and the outcome of treatment is an example of consequence-based reasoning, in which the nurse looks at the outcomes of the client's decision. The client's understanding of his decision and its consequences does not address the client's right to make a decision autonomously.

Question 7

A nurse is caring for an older adult client with terminal cancer.The client's family wants to continue treatment,but the client would like to discontinue treatment and go home.The nurse agrees to be present while the client tells the family.Which principle is the nurse supporting?

Accepted Answer

A) Autonomy refers to the right to make one's own decisions. The nurse is supporting this principle by supporting the client in his decision. Nonmaleficence is the duty to "do no harm." Justice is often referred to as fairness. Beneficence means "doing good."
B) Autonomy refers to the right to make one's own decisions. The nurse is supporting this principle by supporting the client in his decision. Nonmaleficence is the duty to "do no harm." Justice is often referred to as fairness. Beneficence means "doing good."
C) Autonomy refers to the right to make one's own decisions. The nurse is supporting this principle by supporting the client in his decision. Nonmaleficence is the duty to "do no harm." Justice is often referred to as fairness. Beneficence means "doing good."
D) Autonomy refers to the right to make one's own decisions. The nurse is supporting this principle by supporting the client in his decision. Nonmaleficence is the duty to "do no harm." Justice is often referred to as fairness. Beneficence means "doing good."

Question 8

A nurse educator is talking to a student about how to deal with an ethical dilemma in practice.Which does the nurse educator explain to the student as important regarding actions during an ethical dilemma?

Accepted Answer

A) To avoid making a premature decision, the nurse plans to investigate all aspects of the dilemma before deciding. Overconfidence can lead to poor decision making. Reading the agency policy regarding the matter addresses only one aspect of the situation. Examining the conflicts surrounding the issue is only one aspect of the situation to consider.
B) To avoid making a premature decision, the nurse plans to investigate all aspects of the dilemma before deciding. Overconfidence can lead to poor decision making. Reading the agency policy regarding the matter addresses only one aspect of the situation. Examining the conflicts surrounding the issue is only one aspect of the situation to consider.
C) To avoid making a premature decision, the nurse plans to investigate all aspects of the dilemma before deciding. Overconfidence can lead to poor decision making. Reading the agency policy regarding the matter addresses only one aspect of the situation. Examining the conflicts surrounding the issue is only one aspect of the situation to consider.
D) To avoid making a premature decision, the nurse plans to investigate all aspects of the dilemma before deciding. Overconfidence can lead to poor decision making. Reading the agency policy regarding the matter addresses only one aspect of the situation. Examining the conflicts surrounding the issue is only one aspect of the situation to consider.

Question 9

The nurse is caring for a client in the intensive care unit (ICU)who was in a motor vehicle accident.The healthcare provider asks the nurse to extubate the client because there is no communication between the brain and body due to a cervical fracture.The family agrees with the decision of the healthcare provider,but the nurse is uncomfortable pulling the tube.Which is the reason the nurse is experiencing difficulty with this task?

Accepted Answer

A) The nurse is distressed because of personal values, which are in conflict with causing the client's death. The decision is within ethical principles. Cultural values are not in evidenced in this instance. Extubating this client would not be a legal decision.
B) The nurse is distressed because of personal values, which are in conflict with causing the client's death. The decision is within ethical principles. Cultural values are not in evidenced in this instance. Extubating this client would not be a legal decision.
C) The nurse is distressed because of personal values, which are in conflict with causing the client's death. The decision is within ethical principles. Cultural values are not in evidenced in this instance. Extubating this client would not be a legal decision.
D) The nurse is distressed because of personal values, which are in conflict with causing the client's death. The decision is within ethical principles. Cultural values are not in evidenced in this instance. Extubating this client would not be a legal decision.

Question 10

A nurse is volunteering time in a local free clinic that provides care to the underinsured population.By volunteering time to work in the clinic,this nurse is demonstrating which professional value?

Accepted Answer

A) Social justice is upholding fairness on a social scale. This value is demonstrated in professional practice when the nurse works to ensure equal treatment under the law and equal access to quality health care. Human dignity is respect for the worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations. Altruism is concern for the welfare and well-being of others. Integrity is acting in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of practice.
B) Social justice is upholding fairness on a social scale. This value is demonstrated in professional practice when the nurse works to ensure equal treatment under the law and equal access to quality health care. Human dignity is respect for the worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations. Altruism is concern for the welfare and well-being of others. Integrity is acting in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of practice.
C) Social justice is upholding fairness on a social scale. This value is demonstrated in professional practice when the nurse works to ensure equal treatment under the law and equal access to quality health care. Human dignity is respect for the worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations. Altruism is concern for the welfare and well-being of others. Integrity is acting in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of practice.
D) Social justice is upholding fairness on a social scale. This value is demonstrated in professional practice when the nurse works to ensure equal treatment under the law and equal access to quality health care. Human dignity is respect for the worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations. Altruism is concern for the welfare and well-being of others. Integrity is acting in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of practice.

Question 11

A client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)is admitted to the acute care floor.According to a 1994 American Nurses Association (ANA)position statement,which stance addressing this bioethical issue is appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A) AIDS continues to bear a social stigma in our society because of its association with illicit drug use and sexual behavior. According to a 1994 ANA position statement, the nurse cannot set aside the moral obligation to care for the client infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) unless the risk exceeds the responsibility.
B) AIDS continues to bear a social stigma in our society because of its association with illicit drug use and sexual behavior. According to a 1994 ANA position statement, the nurse cannot set aside the moral obligation to care for the client infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) unless the risk exceeds the responsibility.
C) AIDS continues to bear a social stigma in our society because of its association with illicit drug use and sexual behavior. According to a 1994 ANA position statement, the nurse cannot set aside the moral obligation to care for the client infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) unless the risk exceeds the responsibility.
D) AIDS continues to bear a social stigma in our society because of its association with illicit drug use and sexual behavior. According to a 1994 ANA position statement, the nurse cannot set aside the moral obligation to care for the client infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) unless the risk exceeds the responsibility.

Question 12

The nurse is caring for a client on a medical-surgical unit.The client tells the nurse that the healthcare provider has refused to treat the client further if the client continues to be noncompliant with the healthcare provider's recommendations.Which is the priority nursing action in this situation?

Accepted Answer

A) Acting as a client advocate and protecting the client's rights, the nurse should enlist the help of the hospital ethics committee. The nurse never advises a client to sue but assists the client to find help resolving the issue. A consumer agency is not appropriate because this is an ethical matter. The nurse should act on behalf of the client, and the best way to do that is by taking the issue to the hospital ethics committee, not to the healthcare provider.
B) Acting as a client advocate and protecting the client's rights, the nurse should enlist the help of the hospital ethics committee. The nurse never advises a client to sue but assists the client to find help resolving the issue. A consumer agency is not appropriate because this is an ethical matter. The nurse should act on behalf of the client, and the best way to do that is by taking the issue to the hospital ethics committee, not to the healthcare provider.
C) Acting as a client advocate and protecting the client's rights, the nurse should enlist the help of the hospital ethics committee. The nurse never advises a client to sue but assists the client to find help resolving the issue. A consumer agency is not appropriate because this is an ethical matter. The nurse should act on behalf of the client, and the best way to do that is by taking the issue to the hospital ethics committee, not to the healthcare provider.
D) Acting as a client advocate and protecting the client's rights, the nurse should enlist the help of the hospital ethics committee. The nurse never advises a client to sue but assists the client to find help resolving the issue. A consumer agency is not appropriate because this is an ethical matter. The nurse should act on behalf of the client, and the best way to do that is by taking the issue to the hospital ethics committee, not to the healthcare provider.

Question 13

A nurse educator is teaching a group of nursing students about the American Nurses Association (ANA)Code of Ethics for professional nurses.Which student nurse response describes the ANA code of ethics?

Accepted Answer

A) The ANA Code of Ethics is a formal statement of the group's ideals and values. It is a set of ethical principles that serves as a standard for professional actions. Codes of ethics usually have higher requirements than legal standards, and they are never lower than the legal standards of the profession. Codes of ethics do not necessarily reflect legal judgments. Codes of ethics provide the atmosphere in which the nurse is able to alleviate suffering.
B) The ANA Code of Ethics is a formal statement of the group's ideals and values. It is a set of ethical principles that serves as a standard for professional actions. Codes of ethics usually have higher requirements than legal standards, and they are never lower than the legal standards of the profession. Codes of ethics do not necessarily reflect legal judgments. Codes of ethics provide the atmosphere in which the nurse is able to alleviate suffering.
C) The ANA Code of Ethics is a formal statement of the group's ideals and values. It is a set of ethical principles that serves as a standard for professional actions. Codes of ethics usually have higher requirements than legal standards, and they are never lower than the legal standards of the profession. Codes of ethics do not necessarily reflect legal judgments. Codes of ethics provide the atmosphere in which the nurse is able to alleviate suffering.
D) The ANA Code of Ethics is a formal statement of the group's ideals and values. It is a set of ethical principles that serves as a standard for professional actions. Codes of ethics usually have higher requirements than legal standards, and they are never lower than the legal standards of the profession. Codes of ethics do not necessarily reflect legal judgments. Codes of ethics provide the atmosphere in which the nurse is able to alleviate suffering.

Question 14

A pregnant client with a history of drug use refuses testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),despite the recommendation of her nurse-midwife.Which actions by the nurse are appropriate in this situation? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) HIV testing is not mandatory for obtaining care and the refusal to be tested is legal. However, a mother-to-be who knows her HIV status will have more time to decide on effective ways to protect her health and prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV and to take steps to prevent passing HIV to her partner. Suggesting counseling and consistently encouraging testing are recommended.
B) HIV testing is not mandatory for obtaining care and the refusal to be tested is legal. However, a mother-to-be who knows her HIV status will have more time to decide on effective ways to protect her health and prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV and to take steps to prevent passing HIV to her partner. Suggesting counseling and consistently encouraging testing are recommended.
C) HIV testing is not mandatory for obtaining care and the refusal to be tested is legal. However, a mother-to-be who knows her HIV status will have more time to decide on effective ways to protect her health and prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV and to take steps to prevent passing HIV to her partner. Suggesting counseling and consistently encouraging testing are recommended.
D) HIV testing is not mandatory for obtaining care and the refusal to be tested is legal. However, a mother-to-be who knows her HIV status will have more time to decide on effective ways to protect her health and prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV and to take steps to prevent passing HIV to her partner. Suggesting counseling and consistently encouraging testing are recommended.
E) HIV testing is not mandatory for obtaining care and the refusal to be tested is legal. However, a mother-to-be who knows her HIV status will have more time to decide on effective ways to protect her health and prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV and to take steps to prevent passing HIV to her partner. Suggesting counseling and consistently encouraging testing are recommended.

Question 15

The nursing instructor is conducting a class regarding nursing ethics with a group of first-year nursing students.The instructor determines that the students have retained the necessary information when the student makes which statement regarding the ANA Code of Ethics?

Accepted Answer

A) The ANA Code of Ethics is a guide for nurses in their work with clients and other professionals. There is also an International Code of Ethics promulgated by the International Council of Nurses. Each profession has its own code of ethics. State laws regarding nursing are the basis of lawsuits, not the Code of Ethics.
B) The ANA Code of Ethics is a guide for nurses in their work with clients and other professionals. There is also an International Code of Ethics promulgated by the International Council of Nurses. Each profession has its own code of ethics. State laws regarding nursing are the basis of lawsuits, not the Code of Ethics.
C) The ANA Code of Ethics is a guide for nurses in their work with clients and other professionals. There is also an International Code of Ethics promulgated by the International Council of Nurses. Each profession has its own code of ethics. State laws regarding nursing are the basis of lawsuits, not the Code of Ethics.
D) The ANA Code of Ethics is a guide for nurses in their work with clients and other professionals. There is also an International Code of Ethics promulgated by the International Council of Nurses. Each profession has its own code of ethics. State laws regarding nursing are the basis of lawsuits, not the Code of Ethics.

Question 16

The nurse is talking with a parent who decides to decline treatment for a 3-year-old client whose cancer has metastasized.There is a conflict between the parents and the rest of the family regarding the withdrawal of care from the child.Which should the nurse consider when determining the appropriate action for this client?

Accepted Answer

A) When confronted with a conflict regarding care, one of the first actions by the nurse is to consider the values and beliefs of the parents who are making the decision. The age of the child is not a relevant factor in the decision making if the child is under 18 years. The child is too young to have values and beliefs. The nurse is respectful with the rest of the family but should consider the parents' decision only.
B) When confronted with a conflict regarding care, one of the first actions by the nurse is to consider the values and beliefs of the parents who are making the decision. The age of the child is not a relevant factor in the decision making if the child is under 18 years. The child is too young to have values and beliefs. The nurse is respectful with the rest of the family but should consider the parents' decision only.
C) When confronted with a conflict regarding care, one of the first actions by the nurse is to consider the values and beliefs of the parents who are making the decision. The age of the child is not a relevant factor in the decision making if the child is under 18 years. The child is too young to have values and beliefs. The nurse is respectful with the rest of the family but should consider the parents' decision only.
D) When confronted with a conflict regarding care, one of the first actions by the nurse is to consider the values and beliefs of the parents who are making the decision. The age of the child is not a relevant factor in the decision making if the child is under 18 years. The child is too young to have values and beliefs. The nurse is respectful with the rest of the family but should consider the parents' decision only.

Question 17

What are some reasons the nurse might withhold food and fluids from a client? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) The autonomy of a competent and informed client must be respected. Family members cannot overrule client choices. Forcing an individual with terminal illness to eat, or starting artificial nutrition, will often make the client feel bloated, nauseated, and/or develop diarrhea. Clients must be capable of making informed choices. The nurse's opinion about the client's pain status is not a justification for withholding nourishment.
B) The autonomy of a competent and informed client must be respected. Family members cannot overrule client choices. Forcing an individual with terminal illness to eat, or starting artificial nutrition, will often make the client feel bloated, nauseated, and/or develop diarrhea. Clients must be capable of making informed choices. The nurse's opinion about the client's pain status is not a justification for withholding nourishment.
C) The autonomy of a competent and informed client must be respected. Family members cannot overrule client choices. Forcing an individual with terminal illness to eat, or starting artificial nutrition, will often make the client feel bloated, nauseated, and/or develop diarrhea. Clients must be capable of making informed choices. The nurse's opinion about the client's pain status is not a justification for withholding nourishment.
D) The autonomy of a competent and informed client must be respected. Family members cannot overrule client choices. Forcing an individual with terminal illness to eat, or starting artificial nutrition, will often make the client feel bloated, nauseated, and/or develop diarrhea. Clients must be capable of making informed choices. The nurse's opinion about the client's pain status is not a justification for withholding nourishment.
E) The autonomy of a competent and informed client must be respected. Family members cannot overrule client choices. Forcing an individual with terminal illness to eat, or starting artificial nutrition, will often make the client feel bloated, nauseated, and/or develop diarrhea. Clients must be capable of making informed choices. The nurse's opinion about the client's pain status is not a justification for withholding nourishment.

Question 18

A client comes to the clinic and is found to have a sexually transmitted infection (STI).The client states to the nurse,"Promise you won't tell anyone about my condition." According to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)of 1996,which action must the nurse take?

Accepted Answer

A) HIPAA includes standards that protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data as well as standards that define appropriate disclosures of identifiable health information and client rights protection. Nurses are entrusted with sensitive information, which at times must be revealed to other healthcare personnel in order to provide appropriate health care. In this case, the nurse may be required to report information to the state health department. Clients must be able to trust that their information is secure and will only be shared with appropriate entities. Nurses should not make promises to keep necessary information private.
B) HIPAA includes standards that protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data as well as standards that define appropriate disclosures of identifiable health information and client rights protection. Nurses are entrusted with sensitive information, which at times must be revealed to other healthcare personnel in order to provide appropriate health care. In this case, the nurse may be required to report information to the state health department. Clients must be able to trust that their information is secure and will only be shared with appropriate entities. Nurses should not make promises to keep necessary information private.
C) HIPAA includes standards that protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data as well as standards that define appropriate disclosures of identifiable health information and client rights protection. Nurses are entrusted with sensitive information, which at times must be revealed to other healthcare personnel in order to provide appropriate health care. In this case, the nurse may be required to report information to the state health department. Clients must be able to trust that their information is secure and will only be shared with appropriate entities. Nurses should not make promises to keep necessary information private.
D) HIPAA includes standards that protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data as well as standards that define appropriate disclosures of identifiable health information and client rights protection. Nurses are entrusted with sensitive information, which at times must be revealed to other healthcare personnel in order to provide appropriate health care. In this case, the nurse may be required to report information to the state health department. Clients must be able to trust that their information is secure and will only be shared with appropriate entities. Nurses should not make promises to keep necessary information private.

Question 19

A hospice nurse is working with a client who has ovarian cancer.The client is concerned that her two daughters are at an increased risk for cancer and asks for the nurse's help.Which actions by the nurse are appropriate? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) A nurse's role as educator is crucial to ethical practice. Inaccurate reassurance or avoidance does not respect client rights. Providing appropriate alternatives and options for the client and the family are correct responses to the client's concerns.
B) A nurse's role as educator is crucial to ethical practice. Inaccurate reassurance or avoidance does not respect client rights. Providing appropriate alternatives and options for the client and the family are correct responses to the client's concerns.
C) A nurse's role as educator is crucial to ethical practice. Inaccurate reassurance or avoidance does not respect client rights. Providing appropriate alternatives and options for the client and the family are correct responses to the client's concerns.
D) A nurse's role as educator is crucial to ethical practice. Inaccurate reassurance or avoidance does not respect client rights. Providing appropriate alternatives and options for the client and the family are correct responses to the client's concerns.
E) A nurse's role as educator is crucial to ethical practice. Inaccurate reassurance or avoidance does not respect client rights. Providing appropriate alternatives and options for the client and the family are correct responses to the client's concerns.

Question 20

A hospice nurse is working closely with a client who,on several occasions,has asked about guidance and support in ending life.The nurse recognizes which in regard to making ethical and moral decisions in this circumstance?

Accepted Answer

A) Determining whether an action is legal is only one aspect of deciding whether it is ethical. Legality and morality are not one and the same. The nurse must know and follow the legal statutes of the profession and boundaries within the state before making any decision. Passive euthanasia involves the withdrawal of extraordinary means of life support and is never an easy decision. Active euthanasia and assisted suicide are in violation of the Code for Nurses, according to the position statement by the ANA (1995). Some states and countries have laws permitting assisted suicide for clients who are severely ill, are near death, and wish to commit suicide.
B) Determining whether an action is legal is only one aspect of deciding whether it is ethical. Legality and morality are not one and the same. The nurse must know and follow the legal statutes of the profession and boundaries within the state before making any decision. Passive euthanasia involves the withdrawal of extraordinary means of life support and is never an easy decision. Active euthanasia and assisted suicide are in violation of the Code for Nurses, according to the position statement by the ANA (1995). Some states and countries have laws permitting assisted suicide for clients who are severely ill, are near death, and wish to commit suicide.
C) Determining whether an action is legal is only one aspect of deciding whether it is ethical. Legality and morality are not one and the same. The nurse must know and follow the legal statutes of the profession and boundaries within the state before making any decision. Passive euthanasia involves the withdrawal of extraordinary means of life support and is never an easy decision. Active euthanasia and assisted suicide are in violation of the Code for Nurses, according to the position statement by the ANA (1995). Some states and countries have laws permitting assisted suicide for clients who are severely ill, are near death, and wish to commit suicide.
D) Determining whether an action is legal is only one aspect of deciding whether it is ethical. Legality and morality are not one and the same. The nurse must know and follow the legal statutes of the profession and boundaries within the state before making any decision. Passive euthanasia involves the withdrawal of extraordinary means of life support and is never an easy decision. Active euthanasia and assisted suicide are in violation of the Code for Nurses, according to the position statement by the ANA (1995). Some states and countries have laws permitting assisted suicide for clients who are severely ill, are near death, and wish to commit suicide.

Quiz 44: Ethics