Question 1

Each year millions of people watch,and many attend,National Football League games.A sociologist,observing how the team logos,colours,the field,and the rivalries bring people together in ritual behaviour,would label these things as ______.
A)sacred
B)profane
C)intersectional
D)charismatic

Accepted Answer

The sociologist would label the team logos,colors,field,and rivalries as sacred because they bring people together in ritual behavior and hold special meaning and importance to those who participate in the NFL fandom.

Question 2

According to Weber,__________ have similar kinds of attributes and identities.These may be based on a wide variety of attributes such as race,religion,gender,sexual orientation,or social class.
A)social groups
B)economic groups
C)reference groups
D)status groups

Accepted Answer

Status groups, according to Weber, are defined by similar attributes and identities, such as race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or social class. This distinguishes them from other types of groups such as social, economic, or reference groups.

Question 3

Marx argued that the __________ would overthrow capitalism in favour of __________.
A)proletariat;socialism
B)proletariat;communism
C)bourgeoisie;socialism
D)bourgeoisie;communism

Accepted Answer

A

Question 4

People,more often than not,obey firefighters in emergency situations because they believe it is the "right thing to do." Weber would refer to this as an example of __________.
A)legitimacy
B)charisma
C)power
D)morality

Accepted Answer

Weber's concept of legitimacy is related to how people view authority as valid and justified, and they feel inclined to obey it. In this case, people obey firefighters because they perceive them as legitimate authorities who are trained and equipped to handle emergency situations. Charisma refers to a leader's personal qualities that inspire followers, power is the ability to influence or control others, and morality relates to principles of right and wrong behavior, but none of these concepts fully capture the dynamic between people's obedience to firefighters in emergency situations.

Question 5

One of the three common themes of social theory is social order.This theme is chiefly concerned with __________.
A)what holds society together
B)what is the nature of the individual
C)how societies change
D)how we use social theory

Accepted Answer

The social order theme is primarily concerned with understanding what holds society together, including the norms, values, and institutions that enable collective action and cooperation among individuals.

Question 6

According to Max Weber,interpretative sociology is a method for understanding society by focusing on _________.
A)interpreting the economic system
B)understanding the religious system
C)understanding the motivations of social action
D)interpreting the spirit of capitalism

Accepted Answer

Max Weber believed that interpretative sociology is a method for understanding society through interpreting the motivations behind social action. He thought that meaning and interpretation played a crucial role in understanding social behavior, and that social structures must be understood in relation to human beliefs, values, and motivations. This approach was in contrast to more positivist approaches that focused on discovering general laws of social behavior through empirical observation. Weber's interpretative approach has influenced many sociological traditions, including symbolic interactionism and the qualitative research methods that are widely used in sociology today.

Question 7

The basis of social order,the nature of the individual,and the circumstances of social change are three themes associated with __________.
A)social perspectives
B)social approaches
C)social institutions
D)social theories

Accepted Answer

These three themes are central to understanding the different perspectives and theories in the field of sociology, which is concerned with the study of social order, individual behavior, and social change. Therefore, the correct answer is social theories (Option D). Social institutions (Option C) may be studied within these theories, but this is not the primary focus. Social approaches (Option B) is a vague term and not a recognized concept in sociology. Social perspectives (Option A) is a broad term and includes different viewpoints, including those that may not necessarily address these three specific themes.

Question 8

Emile Durkheim claimed that any regularity or rule of everyday life in human communities is a __________.
A)social fact
B)social law
C)social pattern
D)socialization

Accepted Answer

Emile Durkheim coined the term "social fact" to refer to any regularity or rule of everyday life that persists over time in a society, external to individual actors. These are social phenomena that exist independent of individual actors and shape our behaviors and beliefs.

Question 9

Marx argued that groups of people who were treated differently by the economic system would inevitably be in conflict with each other.This is called the theory of __________.
A)the bourgeoisie and the proletariat
B)capital
C)class struggle
D)economic struggle

Accepted Answer

Marx's theory of class struggle suggests that different social classes experience competition and conflict due to the uneven distribution of resources and opportunities in society. The bourgeoisie (owners of the means of production) and the proletariat (working-class) are the two main social classes that Marx identified as being in conflict in capitalist societies. Option A refers to these specific classes, but does not fully encompass Marx's theory. Option B is too broad and generic. Option D is similar to option C but not as precise.

Question 10

Unwritten rules of society,such as social norms,are an example of __________.
A)social theories
B)social perspectives
C)community forces
D)social facts

Accepted Answer

Unwritten rules of society are considered social facts because they are widely accepted and observed by a large segment of society. Social theories and perspectives are broader concepts that explain social phenomena, while community forces are more specific to certain social contexts.

Question 11

According to Marx,an automated welding machine used to assemble automobile bodies would be an example of __________.
A)capital production
B)forces of production
C)social relations of production
D)modules of production

Accepted Answer

Marx's concept of forces of production refers to the combination of raw materials, machines, and labor required to produce goods. An automated welding machine falls under the category of machines, thus making it an example of forces of production according to Marx's theory.

Question 12

While driving on the highway,David was pulled over to the side of the road by the police.David accepts that the police are his superiors.Weber would say David obeyed the police as a result of __________.
A)power
B)respect
C)authority
D)conformity

Accepted Answer

According to Weber's theory of authority, people obey those in positions of authority because they believe in the legitimacy of their power. In this scenario, David's obedience to the police is based on his acceptance of their authority as legitimate.

Question 13

Organic solidarity describes a(n)__________ society that is characterized by __________.
A)modern;an extensive division of labour
B)modern;a dominant form of solidarity
C)undeveloped;a minimal division of labour
D)undeveloped;extended families linked horizontally

Accepted Answer

Organic solidarity is a characteristic of modern societies that are characterized by an extensive division of labor, where people are interdependent on one another for their survival and success.

Question 14

Durkheim argues that individuals in modern societies have the freedom to express their own unique preferences,tastes,and beliefs and that this freedom,also referred to as __________,is the basis of social solidarity in modern society.
A)"the sacred and the profane"
B)"mechanical solidarity"
C)"organic solidarity"
D)"the cult of the individual"

Accepted Answer

The answer of Durkheim argues that individuals in modern societies...

Question 15

According to Weber,the mechanisms that make individuals respect hierarchies and obey orders in society are __________ and __________.
A)the sacred;the profane
B)the individual;behaviour
C)charisma;power
D)power;authority

Accepted Answer

Weber believed that power and authority were the mechanisms that made individuals respect hierarchies and obey orders in society. Power, according to Weber, is the ability to achieve one's goals even if others resist, while authority is the legitimate use of power, meaning that people believe that those in positions of authority have the right to make decisions and give commands.

Question 16

Max Weber focused primarily on individual action as a foundation of __________.
A)social order
B)material conditions
C)morality
D)social forces

Accepted Answer

Max Weber's theory of social action emphasizes the role of individuals in creating and maintaining social order. He believed that social order arises from the actions of individuals who interact with one another and conform to shared norms and values. Thus, social order is not imposed from above by social forces or material conditions, but emerges from the actions of individuals.

Question 17

Karl Marx argued that __________.
A)human history is best understood through the history of a society's economic system
B)society does not change as a result of how societies produce goods
C)the socialist movement is what allows society to change
D)social classes ease tension in society

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx believed that economic systems were the driving force behind social change throughout history. He argued that the struggle between the ruling class (the bourgeoisie) and the working class (the proletariat) was the primary force behind social and economic change. Marx believed that history could best be understood through the lens of economic relations and the struggle between social classes.

Question 18

Sociology is different from some of the other social sciences because it has __________ and __________ social theories.
A)similar;consistent
B)singular;dominant
C)multiple;competing
D)abundant;unified

Accepted Answer

Sociology is known for having multiple and often competing social theories, which include functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism, feminist theory, and others. This is different from some other social sciences, like psychology, which may have more singular or dominant theoretical perspectives.

Question 19

Social theories are analytical frameworks for understanding the relationship between __________ and __________.
A)universes;individuals
B)individuals;societies
C)social classes;social norms
D)nations;countries

Accepted Answer

Social theories aim to explain the relationship between individuals and societies, how they interact, and how they shape each other. This includes various aspects such as cultural values, social norms, power dynamics, social institutions, and historical context. Therefore, option B is the best choice as it directly reflects the core focus of social theories.

Question 20

When Bill started talking on his cellphone during class he knew he violated a social norm when __________.
A)the person on the phone told him
B)he understood the social order
C)the class reacted negatively
D)the instructor allowed him to talk

Accepted Answer

The class reacting negatively indicates that Bill violated a social norm, as their reaction was a consequence of his behavior. The other options are not relevant or do not necessarily imply a violation of social norms.

Quiz 2: Social Theory

Each year millions of people watch,and many attend,National Football League games.A sociologist,observing how the team logos,colours,the field,and the rivalries bring people together in ritual behaviour,would label these things as ______.

According to Weber,__________ have similar kinds of attributes and identities.These may be based on a wide variety of attributes such as race,religion,gender,sexual orientation,or social class.

Marx argued that the would overthrow capitalism in favour of .

People,more often than not,obey firefighters in emergency situations because they believe it is the "right thing to do." Weber would refer to this as an example of __________.

One of the three common themes of social theory is social order.This theme is chiefly concerned with __________.

According to Max Weber,interpretative sociology is a method for understanding society by focusing on _________.

The basis of social order,the nature of the individual,and the circumstances of social change are three themes associated with __________.

Emile Durkheim claimed that any regularity or rule of everyday life in human communities is a __________.

Marx argued that groups of people who were treated differently by the economic system would inevitably be in conflict with each other.This is called the theory of __________.

Unwritten rules of society,such as social norms,are an example of __________.

According to Marx,an automated welding machine used to assemble automobile bodies would be an example of __________.

While driving on the highway,David was pulled over to the side of the road by the police.David accepts that the police are his superiors.Weber would say David obeyed the police as a result of __________.

Organic solidarity describes a(n) society that is characterized by .

Durkheim argues that individuals in modern societies have the freedom to express their own unique preferences,tastes,and beliefs and that this freedom,also referred to as __________,is the basis of social solidarity in modern society.

According to Weber,the mechanisms that make individuals respect hierarchies and obey orders in society are and .

Max Weber focused primarily on individual action as a foundation of __________.

Karl Marx argued that __________.

Sociology is different from some of the other social sciences because it has and social theories.

Social theories are analytical frameworks for understanding the relationship between and .

When Bill started talking on his cellphone during class he knew he violated a social norm when __________.