Question 1

Rapid,steady responding is most typical of performance on a

Accepted Answer

A variable-ratio schedule is one where reinforcement is delivered after a random number of responses and is the most effective in promoting rapid and steady responding as the individual is unsure when they might receive reinforcement and thus keep responding till they receive it.

Question 2

In a random-ratio 60 schedule,the maximum number of responses that might be required for reinforcement is

Accepted Answer

A random-ratio 60 schedule means that reinforcement is delivered randomly, but on average after every 60 responses. The actual number of responses needed for reinforcement can vary widely between each reinforcement delivery. Therefore, it is not predictable what the maximum number of responses required for reinforcement would be.

Question 3

A behavior is likely to have strong momentum if

Accepted Answer

Strong reinforcement schedules (such as a high reinforcement rate) can lead to strong momentum, as the behavior is being consistently reinforced at a high rate, making it more likely to be repeated in the future.

Question 4

In a cumulative record,a straight diagonal line,going up from left to right,indicates

Accepted Answer

A straight diagonal line in a cumulative record indicates a steady response rate, meaning responses are occurring at a constant rate over time.

Question 5

If a person's performance on a fixed-interval schedule is controlled by rule-governed behavior,the person

Accepted Answer

Rule-governed behavior implies that the person's actions are based on verbal or internalized instructions about how to behave, rather than direct experience with the contingencies of reinforcement. Therefore, the pattern of behavior (waiting, accelerating response, or responding rapidly) would depend on the specific rule or instruction the person is following.

Question 6

Extinction is usually slowest after reinforcement on a

Accepted Answer

Extinction tends to be slowest after a variable-ratio schedule because the reinforcement is given after an unpredictable number of responses, which makes the behavior more resistant to extinction. This is because the subject cannot predict when the next reinforcement will come, so they continue to respond in hope of reinforcement.

Question 7

On a variable-interval schedule,reinforcement is most likely after

Accepted Answer

A variable-interval schedule reinforces the first response after an unpredictable amount of time has passed since the last reinforcement. This means that the longer the interresponse time, the more likely reinforcement will occur. Therefore, choice B is the best answer.

Question 8

A stop-and-go pattern of responding is most typical of performance on a

Accepted Answer

The answer of A stop-and-go pattern of responding is most...

Question 9

Behavioral momentum can be measured as a behavior's

Accepted Answer

Behavioral momentum refers to the resistance of a behavior to be changed or disrupted. It can be measured by analyzing the persistence of the behavior in the presence of disruptive or altering environmental factors. Therefore, the best option is D, resistance to change.

Question 10

Performance on a reinforcement schedule can be greatly affected by

Accepted Answer

The rate of reinforcement, the quality of reinforcement, and the amount of effort required to make the response are all factors that can greatly impact performance on a reinforcement schedule. For example, a high rate of reinforcement (e.g. receiving a reward every time a desired behavior is performed) can lead to more consistent and frequent performance of the behavior. On the other hand, a low rate of reinforcement (e.g. only occasionally receiving a reward for the desired behavior) can lead to more irregular and infrequent performance. Similarly, the quality of reinforcement (e.g. the desirability of the reward) can also impact performance, as more desirable rewards may lead to more motivated and persistent behavior. Finally, the amount of effort required to make the response can impact performance, as behaviors that require more effort may be less likely to be performed regularly. Therefore, all of these factors can have a significant impact on performance on a reinforcement schedule.

Question 11

In a fixed-interval 60-second schedule,the delivery of a reinforcer

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a fixed-interval 60-second schedule,the delivery of...

Question 12

Suppose a pigeon is trained on a multiple schedule consisting of FR 10 when the response key is red and FR 100 when the response key is blue.If in the middle of one session the pigeon experiences the sequence FR 10,FR 100,FR 10,we would expect to see the longest post-reinforcement pause

Accepted Answer

The longest post-reinforcement pause is expected before the FR 100 because the pigeon has to make 100 responses to get reinforced, which is a higher requirement than the FR 10 schedules. This higher requirement typically leads to a longer pause as the pigeon may be less motivated to start the longer FR 100 schedule.

Question 13

In a typical laboratory situation,the post-reinforcement pause on a FR schedule is primarily a function of

Accepted Answer

The post-reinforcement pause on a fixed ratio (FR) schedule occurs when the required number of responses for the next reinforcer has been reached or is close to being reached. This is known as the terminal link of the schedule, and it results in a pause in responding before the next ratio requirement starts the next cycle of responding. This pause is not primarily due to fatigue or satiation, but rather to the structure of the schedule.

Question 14

Playing the lottery is an example of behavior maintained by a

Accepted Answer

The lottery is an example of a variable-ratio schedule because the behavior (buying a ticket) is reinforced on an unpredictable schedule based on the number of tickets sold. The more tickets sold, the higher the potential reward, which keeps individuals buying tickets in the hope of winning.

Question 15

A chained schedule of reinforcement always makes use of

Accepted Answer

A chained schedule of reinforcement involves a sequence of different discriminative stimuli, each associated with a specific response that must be performed to receive reinforcement.

Question 16

If a telemarketer makes many call and occasionally gets someone to buy his product,this is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A variable-ratio schedule is where a behavior (in this case, making phone calls) is reinforced after an average number of times it has been exhibited. This leads to a high and steady rate of the behavior, as the person never knows when the reinforcement will come. In this case, the occasional sales that the telemarketer makes are the reinforcement that keeps them making more calls.

Question 17

According to the generalization decrement hypothesis,extinction after partial reinforcement is slow because

Accepted Answer

The generalization decrement hypothesis suggests that when an animal is exposed to extinction after partial reinforcement, the slow decrease in responding is because the animal cannot discriminate any change from the previous reinforcement condition. This means that the conditions of extinction are fairly similar to conditions in which the animal had been reinforced in the past. Therefore, option B is the correct choice. Options A and D are not accurate as they do not relate to the specific reason for slow extinction according to this hypothesis.

Question 18

If a person working at her computer keeps checking her email and occasionally gets a message from a friend,this is similar to a

Accepted Answer

The person's behavior of checking email is being reinforced on a variable-interval schedule, meaning that the reinforcement (receiving a message from a friend) occurs randomly after an unpredictable amount of time has passed. This is similar to how checking one's phone for messages or notifications operates on a variable-interval schedule.

Question 19

If a parent gives a child a special privilege every time the child successfully completes five homework assignments,this is an example of a

Accepted Answer

In a fixed-ratio schedule, reinforcers are delivered after a fixed number of responses. In this case, the special privilege is given after the completion of five homework assignments, which is a fixed number of responses. Therefore, it is an example of a fixed-ratio schedule.

Question 20

An accelerating pattern of responding is most typical of behavior on a

Accepted Answer

The answer of An accelerating pattern of responding is most...

Quiz 6: Reinforcement Schedules: Experimental Analyses and Applications