Question 1

Evaluating someone in a positive way, simply because of her or his membership in a particular group, would constitute:

Accepted Answer

Evaluating someone in a positive way solely based on their group membership is a form of prejudice, as it involves making assumptions or generalizations about individuals based on their membership in a certain group rather than evaluating their individual characteristics or actions. Discrimination involves the unequal treatment or exclusion of individuals based on their group membership, while deindividuation and polarization refer to broader societal or psychological phenomena rather than individual evaluations.

Question 2

Attributions are:

Accepted Answer

Attributions refer to the inference processes people use to assign causes and effects to behavior. Option A refers to implicit stereotypes and Option C refers to explicit prejudices, which are different concepts from attributions. Option D refers to attitude formation, which is also different from the concept of attributions.

Question 3

If a person openly expresses a dislike of another person simply because of that person's group membership, that person's prejudice is:

Accepted Answer

Prejudice is explicit when it is openly expressed and directed towards a particular group. In this scenario, the person is openly expressing their dislike of another person solely based on their group membership, demonstrating explicit prejudice.

Question 4

Since Charles was young, he has believed that Canadians are arrogant, smug people.He only has to find out that a person is from Canada and he draws the conclusion that that person is arrogant and smug.Charles is displaying:

Accepted Answer

Charles' belief that all Canadians are arrogant and smug is an example of prejudice - a negative attitude towards a group of people based on a preconceived notion or stereotype. Discrimination involves treating someone unfairly based on their membership in a certain group, which is not explicitly mentioned in the scenario. Group polarization and deindividuation do not apply in this situation.

Question 5

Research suggests that one of the best ways to reduce prejudice and discrimination is through:

Accepted Answer

Perspective taking, or trying to see things from the perspective of another person, has been shown to reduce prejudice and discrimination. This approach encourages empathy and understanding of others, which can break down stereotypes and increase positive attitudes towards different groups. Thought suppression, counterconditioning, and free association have not been shown to be effective strategies for reducing prejudice and discrimination.

Question 6

Negative attitudes about a group that are not consciously recognized are known as:

Accepted Answer

Implicit prejudice refers to the negative attitudes or beliefs about a group that are unconscious or unintentional. These biases may occur even if an individual consciously holds positive attitudes towards that group. Explicit prejudice, on the other hand, refers to the conscious and deliberate expression of negative attitudes or beliefs towards a particular group. Implicit discrimination and explicit discrimination refer to the differential treatment or behavior towards a group, based on conscious or unconscious biases, respectively.

Question 7

Treating a person in an unfair way, simply because of his or her membership in a particular group, would constitute:

Accepted Answer

Discrimination is defined as treating someone unfairly or unjustly based on their membership in a particular group. Prejudice is an attitude or belief about a group, whereas discrimination is an action taken against someone because of their group membership. Deindividuation refers to a loss of identity and self-awareness in a group setting, and a self-serving bias is a cognitive bias in which people tend to take credit for their successes and attribute their failures to external factors.

Question 8

When a person is not prejudiced at a conscious level, but unknowingly acts in a way that expresses dislike of another person because of that person's group membership, that person's prejudice is:

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes implicit prejudice, which is a type of bias that operates unconsciously or automatically. The person may not be aware of their bias, but it is reflected in their behavior towards members of a certain group. Explicit prejudice refers to biased attitudes or beliefs that are consciously held and openly expressed. Rational and irrational are not appropriate terms to describe prejudice, as it is a complex phenomenon influenced by a range of cognitive, social, and cultural factors.

Question 9

A shopkeeper will leave his store open beyond the regular closing hours if people of her own ethnic background are inside, but will not do this for members of an ethnic group she openly dislikes.The shopkeeper feels:

Accepted Answer

The shopkeeper's behavior indicates explicit prejudice, as they are openly discriminating against members of an ethnic group they dislike. This is not just an implicit bias or formation, but rather a conscious decision to discriminate based on their explicit prejudice.

Question 10

A man always says he has no problem with individuals who are homosexual, but when his son's gay friend comes over for dinner, the man finds some reason to be somewhere else without realizing what he's doing.The man is exhibiting:

Accepted Answer

The man is exhibiting implicit prejudice because he is not consciously aware of his negative feelings towards the gay friend, but they are still affecting his behavior.

Question 11

Rory is forming an attribution regarding Amy.Rory is:

Accepted Answer

Forming an attribution involves trying to determine the cause of someone's behavior. This suggests that Rory is trying to understand why Amy behaved in a certain way, rather than becoming attracted to or feeling prejudice toward her. While attempting to understand Amy's point of view could be a possibility, it is more likely that Rory is specifically trying to identify the cause of her behavior.

Question 12

A woman openly says he dislikes people who are homosexual, so when her son's gay friend comes over to play video games she always goes somewhere else.The woman is exhibiting:

Accepted Answer

The woman's actions of avoiding her son's gay friend show explicit prejudice towards homosexual individuals. Her dislike for them is openly stated, and she is actively taking steps to avoid interacting with a homosexual person.

Question 13

Although she doesn't realize that she's doing it, an accountant spends more time with clients from her own ethnic group, but less time with members of a group different than her own.The accountant is an example of the phenomenon called:

Accepted Answer

The accountant's behavior of spending more time with clients from her own ethnic group, and less time with members of a different group, is an example of implicit prejudice. This refers to unconscious or automatic biases that guide our behavior and attitudes towards others based on their group membership, without our conscious awareness.

Question 14

Explicit prejudice involves:

Accepted Answer

Explicit prejudice refers to negative attitudes towards a group that are consciously recognized and endorsed.

Question 15

Negative attitudes about a group that are consciously endorsed are known as:

Accepted Answer

Explicit prejudice refers to negative attitudes toward a group that an individual is aware of and consciously believes in. These attitudes are openly expressed and can be directly reported by the individual.

Question 16

Amy is trying to figure out why Rory is acting so strangely.Amy is going through the process known as:

Accepted Answer

Attribution is the process of trying to understand the causes of others' behavior, which is what Amy is doing by trying to figure out why Rory is acting strangely.

Question 17

The inference processes people use to assign causes and effects to behavior are called:

Accepted Answer

The inference processes people use to assign causes and effects to behavior are called attributions.

Question 18

Theories that are concerned with the processes that underlie inferences of cause and effect are called:

Accepted Answer

Theories that are concerned with the processes that underlie inferences of cause and effect are called attribution theories. Attribution theories are concerned with how people explain events and make judgments about the causes of behavior. They attempt to explain the ways in which people infer causation and assign responsibility for events.

Question 19

Attribution theories are concerned with:

Accepted Answer

Attribution theories are concerned with the processes that underlie inferences of cause and effect. They examine how people explain the behavior of themselves and others and the factors that influence these explanations. Implicit and explicit cognitions underlying prejudiced attitudes are relevant to social cognition theories, while attitudes toward objects are addressed by attitude theories.

Question 20

Implicit prejudice involves:

Accepted Answer

Implicit prejudice refers to negative attitudes or stereotypes towards a group that are not consciously recognized by the individual holding them. It is often a result of cultural or societal beliefs and can be unintentionally expressed through behaviors or reactions. A is incorrect because positive attitudes would not be considered a form of prejudice. C and D are incorrect because both involve consciously held attitudes, while implicit prejudice is by definition unconscious.

Quiz 13: Social Psychology