Question 1

Adrienne's parents enjoy discussing politics and historical events at the dinner table and often engage Adrienne in their discussions.This is an example of a/n ________ trajectory.

Accepted Answer

initiating

Question 2

Dr.Smith is telling his psychology students that a child's adjustment and maladjustment develops and can be tracked across time.He is most likely lecturing on the concept of:

Accepted Answer

Developmental pathways refer to the concept that a child's adjustment and maladjustment can develop and be tracked across time, illustrating how different experiences and behaviors can lead to various outcomes.

Question 3

Passive correlations are a type of gene-by-environment interaction.

Accepted Answer

Passive correlations refer to the association between an individual's genetic makeup and the environment they are exposed to, which is often shaped by their parents. This is a type of gene-by-environment interaction where the individual has little to no control over the environment they are exposed to, and their genetic makeup influences their exposure to certain environmental factors.

Question 4

The concept of developmental pathways is useful in understanding developmental psychopathology because it:

Accepted Answer

Developmental pathways describe the typical sequence and timing of particular behaviors and abilities at different stages of development. By tracking a child's progress along these pathways, it may become possible to identify early signs of developmental problems, and intervene at a crucial point in order to prevent or minimize negative outcomes. Thus, understanding developmental pathways can be helpful in designing effective interventions for children with developmental psychopathology.

B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the role of developmental pathways in understanding developmental psychopathology. While developmental pathways may be helpful in planning instruction and providing support to families, their primary usefulness in this context is in identifying developmental risks and designing targeted interventions.

Question 5

The types of adaptational failures that may lead to psychopathology include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Delay refers to a lack of development or not meeting developmental milestones at the appropriate time, which can lead to psychopathology. Fixation refers to becoming stuck at a particular stage of development, which can also contribute to psychopathology. Deviance refers to behaviors or thoughts that are outside of what is considered normal or socially acceptable, and this can also be a factor in the development of psychopathology. Excess and timing are not typically used to describe adaptational failures that lead to psychopathology.

Question 6

Pedro has learned that he can lose himself in a good book,which helps him escape his abusive father.Researchers refer to this as:

Accepted Answer

Arenas of comfort refer to areas or activities where individuals feel safe and at ease, allowing them to escape stress or adversity, such as Pedro escaping into a book.

Question 7

An important reason to know a child's strengths is to design effective treatment plans utilizing these strengths.

Accepted Answer

Knowing a child's strengths can be helpful in designing treatment plans that build upon those strengths and address areas of need. This can lead to more effective interventions and outcomes for the child.

Question 8

Which of the following statement is most accurate regarding competencies and incompetencies in children?

Accepted Answer

Children can be competent in some areas of development while lacking in others. For example, a child may struggle with social skills but excel academically. It does not necessarily mean they are at risk for a mental health disorder. It is important to recognize and support a child's areas of strength and work on strengthening areas they may struggle with.

Question 9

The concept of process proposes that childhood disorders are a result of small developmental deviations that occur over time.

Accepted Answer

The concept of process suggests that childhood disorders are not caused by a single event or factor, but rather by a series of small deviations in normal development over time. This theory emphasizes the importance of early detection and intervention to prevent or minimize the impact of these deviations on a child's overall development.

Question 10

A child who becomes a competent adult despite the fact he grew up in an abusive,alcoholic family may have had the ability to positively adapt to his environment.This is known as:

Accepted Answer

Resilience refers to a person's ability to positively adapt to adversity or stress, such as growing up in an abusive or alcoholic family. Protective factors and buffering factors are related to resilience and can help mitigate the effects of stress or adversity, but personal resiliency factors are the specific qualities or abilities that allow an individual to overcome challenges and succeed despite difficult circumstances.

Question 11

John and Sarah are both adolescents who experienced severe neglect as infants and toddlers.John has dropped out of high school and developed a significant substance abuse problem,while Sarah is class president and an honor roll student.This is an example of the concept of equifinality.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of the concept of resilience, showing how individuals can have different outcomes despite similar adverse beginnings. Equifinality refers to the principle that in open systems a given end state can be reached by many potential means and from different starting points.

Question 12

The ultimate impact of a risk factor is related to type,timing,number,and:

Accepted Answer

The ultimate impact of a risk factor is not only dependent on its type, timing, and number, but also its pattern. The pattern in which the risk factor occurs can have a significant impact on the outcome. For example, a child who experiences a traumatic event once may be able to recover more easily than a child who experiences repeated traumatic events. Therefore, choice A is the best answer as it highlights the importance of pattern in determining the ultimate impact of a risk factor.

Question 13

One of the important concepts of the pathways model is the belief that a child's risk for psychopathology can change at any given point during development.

Accepted Answer

The pathways model emphasizes that a child's risk for psychopathology can shift at various stages of development based on a variety of internal and external factors. This means that a child who is considered low risk at one point in their life could become high risk later on, or vice versa. The pathways model therefore highlights the importance of ongoing assessment and intervention to support children's mental health and wellbeing.

Question 14

Samantha's father was recently arrested for shoplifting and her mother lost her job as a teacher.These risk factors would most likely be considered transient.

Accepted Answer

Transient risk factors are ones that are temporary and can change over time, such as a parent losing a job or getting arrested.

Question 15

Delay,fixation,and deviance are examples of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Delay,fixation,and deviance are examples of ________....

Question 16

Peter's parents recognized early in his life that he was musically gifted,so they took him to concerts,provided music lessons,and bought him a viola.This is an example of a/n:

Accepted Answer

The parents' actions of taking Peter to concerts, providing music lessons, and buying him a viola are all examples of supporting his musical development, making it a supporting trajectory.

Question 17

Categories of risk factors include all except which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The categories of risk factors are generally divided into family, individual, social, and environmental (which includes spatial factors). Therefore, option D is not a correct category and should be excluded.

Question 18

One of the primary goals of translational research is to make effective interventions more readily available to practitioners.

Accepted Answer

Translational research aims to bridge the gap between basic research findings and their application in clinical practice, with the goal of making effective interventions more easily accessible to practitioners and improving patient outcomes.

Question 19

Dr.Andersen wants to study the development of depression based on age and gender.If he wants his results to be available for a presentation next year,he should use which type of research approach?

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional research compares data from different groups at a single point in time, which would allow Dr. Andersen to study the development of depression based on age and gender and have results available for a presentation next year. Longitudinal research would take longer than one year to complete, while cross-sequential research involves combining longitudinal and cross-sectional approaches and would also likely take longer than one year to complete. Developmental research is a broad term that includes many different research approaches and does not specifically address the time frame needed for Dr. Andersen's study.

Question 20

The most common type of child maltreatment is sexual abuse.

Accepted Answer

The most common type of child maltreatment is actually neglect, followed by physical abuse, emotional abuse, and then sexual abuse.

Quiz 3: Principles and Practices of Developmental Psychopathology