Question 1

Select the correct pathologic indication for each statement or description.(Select each choice only once.)
-Age-associated enlargement of the prostate gland

Accepted Answer

Age-associated enlargement of the prostate gland is a common benign condition called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Other choices:
A) Horseshoe kidney is a congenital abnormality where the two kidneys are fused at the bottom.
B) Ectopic kidney is a congenital abnormality where the kidney is located in an abnormal position.
C) Vesicocolonic fistula is an abnormal connection between the bladder and colon.
D) Staghorn kidney stone is a large, branching kidney stone that fills the entire renal pelvis and calyces. 
E) Urinary incontinence is a symptom of various conditions that result in loss of bladder control. It is not a pathologic indication by itself.

Question 2

Select the correct pathologic indication for each statement or description.(Select each choice only once.)
-Large stone that grows and completely fills the renal pelvis

Accepted Answer

When a kidney stone grows and completely fills the renal pelvis, it is referred to as a staghorn kidney stone.

Answer: None of the above
 None of the choices match the description of a large stone that grows and completely fills the renal pelvis. They are all different pathologic indications.

Question 3

Select the correct pathologic term for each definition.(Use each selection only once.)
-Excretion of diminished amounts of urine

Accepted Answer

Oliguria or hypouresis refers to the excretion of diminished amounts of urine. Anuria and polyuria refer to the absence and excess of urine excretion, respectively. Hematuria refers to the presence of blood in the urine, renal agenesis refers to the failure of one or both kidneys to develop, and micturition refers to the act of urination.

Question 4

A patient with a possible ureteric stone comes from the emergency department (ED) for an IVU.She has a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of 50.Which of the following imaging modalities is recommended for this patient?

Accepted Answer

A BUN level of 50 indicates possible kidney dysfunction or renal failure, which can be a contraindication for IVU using ionic contrast media. Therefore, CT (with non-ionic contrast media) is the recommended imaging modality to avoid further complications for this patient. Sonography and MRI can also be used, but they may not provide as much detailed information as a CT scan.

Question 5

Select the correct pathologic term for each definition.(Use each selection only once.)
-Complete cessation of urinary secretion

Accepted Answer

Anuria is the complete cessation of urine secretion.

Answer: E
 Renal agenesis is a congenital condition where one or both kidneys fail to develop.

Answer: F
 Micturition is the process of urination, which involves the contraction of bladder muscles to expel urine. Oliguria or hypouresis refers to decreased urine output, polyuria means excessive urine output, and hematuria describes blood in the urine.

Question 6

Nonionic contrast agents create a hypertonic condition in the blood plasma as compared with ionic contrast agents.

Accepted Answer

Nonionic contrast agents are less hypertonic than ionic contrast agents, leading to fewer side effects and discomfort for patients.

Question 7

Select the correct pathologic indication for each statement or description.(Select each choice only once.)
-Fusion of the kidneys during development of the fetus

Accepted Answer

Fusion of the kidneys during development of the fetus leads to the formation of a horseshoe kidney, where the two kidneys fuse at their lower poles.

Other options:
B) Ectopic kidney - when the kidney fails to ascend to its normal position during fetal development
C) Vesicocolonic fistula - abnormal connection between the bladder and colon, leading to fecal incontinence
D) Staghorn kidney stone - large kidney stones that fill a large part of the renal pelvis and branch into the calyces
E) Urinary incontinence - loss of bladder control due to weakened pelvic muscles or other underlying conditions 
F) BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) - enlargement of the prostate gland, leading to urinary symptoms.

Question 8

Select the correct pathologic term for each definition.(Use each selection only once.)
-Passage of a large volume of urine

Accepted Answer

Polyuria is the passage of a large volume of urine.

Answer: B
 Oliguria or hypouresis is the production of abnormally small amounts of urine. Anuria is the absence of urine production.

Answer: D
 Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine.

Answer: E
 Renal agenesis is the failure of one or both kidneys to develop.

Answer: F
 Micturition is the act of voiding urine from the bladder.

Question 9

Select the correct pathologic indication for each statement or description.(Select each choice only once.)
-Constant or frequent involuntary passage of urine

Accepted Answer

Urinary incontinence is the constant or frequent involuntary passage of urine.

Question 10

Select the correct pathologic indication for each statement or description.(Select each choice only once.)
-Normal kidney that fails to ascend into the abdomen but remains in the pelvis

Accepted Answer

An ectopic kidney is a normal kidney that fails to ascend into the abdomen but remains in the pelvis.

The other options listed are not applicable to this statement:
- A) Horseshoe kidney refers to two kidneys joined together at the base.
- C) Vesicocolonic fistula is an abnormal connection between the bladder and colon.
- D) Staghorn kidney stone refers to a large stone that fills the renal pelvis and extends into two or more calyces.
- E) Urinary incontinence refers to the involuntary loss of urine.
- F) BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) refers to an enlarged prostate gland.

Question 11

The suprarenal glands are part of the endocrine system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The suprarenal glands are part of the...

Question 12

A patient experiences a hot flash after the injection of an iodinated contrast media.What should be the next action taken by the technologist?

Accepted Answer

Hot flashes are a common side effect of iodinated contrast media. It's important for the technologist to comfort the patient and reassure them that this reaction is not uncommon and usually passes quickly.

Question 13

A patient comes to radiology for an IVU.His laboratory report indicates a creatinine level of 0.7 mg/dL.What should be the technologist's next step?

Accepted Answer

A creatinine level of 0.7 mg/dL is within the normal range, so it is safe to proceed with the IVU. There is no need to notify the radiologist, referring physician, or send the patient to the ED.

Question 14

Select the correct pathologic term for each definition.(Use each selection only once.)
-Blood in the urine

Accepted Answer

Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine.

Answer: 
A) Anuria, B) Oliguria or hypouresis, C) Polyuria, E) Renal agenesis, F) Micturition 
 None of the other options accurately reflect blood in the urine. Anuria is the absence of urine, oliguria/hypouresis is decreased urine output, polyuria is increased urine output, renal agenesis is the failure of kidneys to develop during fetal development, and micturition is the act of urinating.

Question 15

Select the correct pathologic indication for each statement or description.(Select each choice only once.)
-Artificial opening between the urinary bladder and aspects of the large intestine

Accepted Answer

A vesicocolonic fistula is an abnormal connection between the urinary bladder and the colon, usually the sigmoid colon.

Note: A horseshoe kidney is a congenital abnormality where the two kidneys are fused together, forming a horseshoe shape. An ectopic kidney is a kidney that is not in its normal position in the pelvis. Staghorn kidney stone refers to a large kidney stone that fills up the renal pelvis and branches of the kidney. Urinary incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine. BPH is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland that can cause urinary symptoms.

Question 16

Select the correct pathologic term for each definition.(Use each selection only once.)
-Act of voiding

Accepted Answer

Micturition refers to the act of voiding or urinating, making it the correct choice for this definition. Anuria refers to the absence of urine production, oliguria or hypouresis is abnormally low urine output, polyuria is abnormally high urine output, hematuria is the presence of blood in urine, and renal agenesis is the absence of development of one or both kidneys.

Question 17

Ionic contrast agents use a parent compound of a carboxyl group (benzoic acid).

Accepted Answer

Ionic contrast agents such as iodixanol and iohexol use a parent compound of a carboxyl group (benzoic acid) to which hydrophilic groups are added to increase water solubility and enhance kidney excretion.

Question 18

Select the correct pathologic term for each definition.(Use each selection only once.)
-Absence of a functioning kidney

Accepted Answer

Renal agenesis refers to the absence of a functioning kidney.

Answer: A
 Anuria is the term used to describe the absence of urine production by the kidneys.

Answer: B
 Oliguria or hypouresis refers to reduced urine output, often due to decreased kidney function.

Answer: D
 Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine and may be indicative of underlying kidney pathology.

Answer: C
 Polyuria refers to excessive urine output and can be a symptom of underlying kidney disease or dysfunction.

Answer: F
 Micturition refers to the act of urination and is not a pathologic term.

Question 19

The left kidney is generally slightly lower, or more inferior, than the right.

Accepted Answer

The left kidney is generally slightly higher, or more superior, than the right kidney due to the liver's position on the right side of the body, which displaces the right kidney downwards.

Question 20

During an IVU, the patient develops severe urticaria.What should be the next action taken by the technologist?

Accepted Answer

Severe urticaria is an allergic reaction that can progress rapidly and become life-threatening, especially if it affects the airway. The technologist should immediately stop the procedure, remove the IV access, and get medical assistance. Comforting the patient and administering diphenhydramine can be done while waiting for the medical team to arrive, but the priority is to ensure the safety and well-being of the patient. Calling a code emergency may not be necessary, but getting help from a healthcare provider is essential.

Quiz 14: Urinary System and Venipuncture

Select the correct pathologic indication for each statement or description.(Select each choice only once.) -Age-associated enlargement of the prostate gland

Select the correct pathologic indication for each statement or description.(Select each choice only once.) -Large stone that grows and completely fills the renal pelvis

Select the correct pathologic term for each definition.(Use each selection only once.) -Excretion of diminished amounts of urine

A patient with a possible ureteric stone comes from the emergency department (ED) for an IVU.She has a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of 50.Which of the following imaging modalities is recommended for this patient?

Select the correct pathologic term for each definition.(Use each selection only once.) -Complete cessation of urinary secretion

Nonionic contrast agents create a hypertonic condition in the blood plasma as compared with ionic contrast agents.

Select the correct pathologic indication for each statement or description.(Select each choice only once.) -Fusion of the kidneys during development of the fetus

Select the correct pathologic term for each definition.(Use each selection only once.) -Passage of a large volume of urine

Select the correct pathologic indication for each statement or description.(Select each choice only once.) -Constant or frequent involuntary passage of urine

Select the correct pathologic indication for each statement or description.(Select each choice only once.) -Normal kidney that fails to ascend into the abdomen but remains in the pelvis

The suprarenal glands are part of the endocrine system.

A patient experiences a hot flash after the injection of an iodinated contrast media.What should be the next action taken by the technologist?

A patient comes to radiology for an IVU.His laboratory report indicates a creatinine level of 0.7 mg/dL.What should be the technologist's next step?

Select the correct pathologic term for each definition.(Use each selection only once.) -Blood in the urine

Select the correct pathologic indication for each statement or description.(Select each choice only once.) -Artificial opening between the urinary bladder and aspects of the large intestine

Select the correct pathologic term for each definition.(Use each selection only once.) -Act of voiding

Ionic contrast agents use a parent compound of a carboxyl group (benzoic acid).

Select the correct pathologic term for each definition.(Use each selection only once.) -Absence of a functioning kidney

The left kidney is generally slightly lower, or more inferior, than the right.

During an IVU, the patient develops severe urticaria.What should be the next action taken by the technologist?