Question 1

Resentencing an offender to probation after a short prison stay is termed:

Accepted Answer

Shock probation involves resentencing an offender to probation after a short prison stay, often six months to a year. The goal is to provide a brief period of incarceration to shock the offender into realizing the consequences of their actions and to deter them from future criminal behavior.

Question 2

The probation officer has little say in the planning of a probationer's treatment program.

Accepted Answer

The probation officer plays a significant role in the planning and implementation of a probationer's treatment program. They assess the needs of the probationer, make referrals to appropriate services, monitor progress, and report back to the court.

Question 3

Which of the following is the primary goal of Intensive Probation Services (IPS)?

Accepted Answer

The primary goal of Intensive Probation Services (IPS) is decarceration, which aims to reduce the number of individuals in prison by providing a more intensive form of probation as an alternative to incarceration.

Question 4

What is the term associated with the strict interpretation of forfeiture statutes that produces property confiscations for even minor drug violations?

Accepted Answer

Zero tolerance is the term commonly associated with the strict interpretation of forfeiture statutes that leads to property confiscations for even minor drug violations. This approach is often criticized for being excessively harsh and disproportionate.

Question 5

Probation typically involves the suspension of an offender's sentence for promise of good behavior in the community.

Accepted Answer

Probation is a form of community supervision that allows an offender to remain in the community under certain conditions while serving their sentence. It is often given as an alternative to incarceration, but it still involves a sentence that is suspended as long as the individual complies with the terms of probation.

Question 6

Programs such as house arrest and restitution are examples of community parole.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Programs such as house arrest and restitution...

Question 7

What did the Court rule in Tate v. Short?

Accepted Answer

The Court ruled that incarcerating individuals who could not afford to pay a fine was unconstitutional as it amounted to discrimination against the poor. This established the principle of the "ability to pay" doctrine, whereby fines are not imposed beyond an offender's ability to pay.

Question 8

Community service is an example of what?

Accepted Answer

Community service is considered a form of restitution, which is a type of punishment that requires the offender to make amends for their actions by performing acts of service or reimbursing their victims.

Question 9

There are roughly 4 million adults under federal, state, or local probation.

Accepted Answer

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), as of the end of 2019, there were an estimated 4.4 million adults under community supervision, which includes probation and parole. Out of those, 3.6 million were on probation.

Question 10

According to the basic principles of restorative justice, the first priority of the justice process is to:

Accepted Answer

According to the principles of restorative justice, the first priority of the justice process is to assist the victim(s). This is because restorative justice emphasizes repairing harm and addressing the needs of the victim, rather than simply punishing the offender. Restorative justice also emphasizes holding the offender accountable for their actions and providing opportunities for them to make amends and reintegrate into the community.

Question 11

Judges are generally granted discretion to tailor the restrictions of a probation sentence to fit what they deem to be the needs of the individual offender.

Accepted Answer

Judges have the discretion to impose conditions on probation that are customized to meet the specific circumstances of the individual offender. These conditions may include drug treatment, counseling, community service, or other requirements designed to help the offender rehabilitate and avoid future criminal behavior. However, judges must also balance the interests of rehabilitation with the need to protect society and may impose certain standard conditions, such as refraining from criminal activity or having no contact with certain individuals.

Question 12

Which intermediate sanction makes a jail term a condition of probation?

Accepted Answer

Split sentencing is the intermediate sanction that makes a jail term a condition of probation. In split sentencing, the offender is sentenced to serve a short period in jail or prison, followed by a period of probation. It is intended to deter the offender from violating the terms of probation and to provide a stronger incentive to comply with the conditions of release.

Question 13

Restitution ranks lower than probation on the punishment ladder.

Accepted Answer

Restitution is not a rank on the punishment ladder but a compensatory measure requiring the offender to pay back the victim for their loss, while probation is an alternative to incarceration allowing the offender to live in the community under supervision.

Question 14

Intensive probation supervision has been proven effective at reducing re-offending rates.

Accepted Answer

Research on intensive probation supervision has shown mixed results, with some studies indicating it does not significantly reduce re-offending rates compared to regular probation.

Question 15

John Braithwaite argues that crime control can be better achieved through a policy of:

Accepted Answer

John Braithwaite's theory of reintegrative shaming focuses on repairing the harm caused by the offender to the victim and society by reintegrating the offender back into society instead of stigmatizing them through permanent branding as a criminal. This policy relies on community involvement in the process of shaming the offender and ensuring they take responsibility for their actions, reducing the likelihood of recidivism. It is a more humane and effective approach to crime control, and is therefore the better choice out of the options given.

Question 16

Courts have supported the imposition of conditions on probation as long as they are reasonable.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Courts have recognized that probation is a privilege that can be conditioned upon compliance with reasonable terms and conditions designed to promote rehabilitation and protect the community. However, conditions must be related to the individual defendant and the offense committed, and cannot be unduly burdensome or restrict fundamental rights without a compelling reason.

Question 17

Which of the following is a considered to be a federal forfeiture program?

Accepted Answer

The RICO Act (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) is a federal law that allows for the forfeiture of assets derived from organized crime and racketeering activities.

Question 18

What type of fine is geared to the offender's net daily income?

Accepted Answer

Day fines, also known as "structured fines," are a type of fine that takes into account an offender's net daily income. The amount of the fine is determined by the severity of the offense and the offender's ability to pay. This allows fines to be more equitable, as they are based on an individual's financial situation rather than a fixed amount.

Question 19

The philosophy of probation is that the average offender is not actually a dangerous criminal or a menace to society.

Accepted Answer

Probation is a philosophy that suggests that the average offender is not a dangerous criminal or a threat to the community. Rather than being sent to prison, they can be rehabilitated and reintegrated into society through probation supervision.

Question 20

Restorative justice seeks to include all parties- the offender, victim, and community- in the justice process.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice is a process that involves all parties affected by a crime or conflict, including the offender, victim, and community. The goal is to repair harm, address underlying issues, and restore relationships rather than solely punishing the offender. Therefore, the statement is true.

Quiz 10: Community Sentences: Probation, Intermediate Sanctions, and Restorative Justice