Question 1

What happens during the fact-finding hearing?

Accepted Answer

During a fact-finding hearing, evidence is presented and heard to determine the facts of the case. This process is also commonly known as a hearing or trial. The goal of the fact-finding hearing is to establish whether the charges against the defendant can be proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Options B, C, and D are not necessarily part of a fact-finding hearing.

Question 2

Early reform schools sought to rehabilitate juvenile offenders.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Early reform schools sought to rehabilitate juvenile...

Question 3

In which case did the Court hold that the waiver proceeding is a critically important stage in the juvenile justice process and that juveniles must be afforded minimum requirements of due process of law at such proceedings?

Accepted Answer

The case Kent v. United States established that waivers to adult court in juvenile cases must be done with due process protections, including the right to counsel and a hearing, as it is a critically important stage in the juvenile justice process.

Question 4

What stage in the juvenile justice process is designed to help youths make the transition from residential or institutional settings back into the community?

Accepted Answer

Aftercare is the stage in the juvenile justice process designed to help youths transition back into the community after being in residential or institutional settings. It provides support and services to help them reintegrate into society and prevent them from reoffending.

Question 5

What was the legal standard for a warrantless search of a school locker in New Jersey v. TLO?

Accepted Answer

The legal standard for a warrantless search of a school locker in New Jersey v. TLO is reasonable suspicion. This means that school officials must have a reasonable suspicion that a student has violated a school rule or the law in order to conduct a search of the student's locker. This standard is lower than probable cause, which is required for law enforcement officers to conduct a search without a warrant.

Question 6

The efforts of the child savers prompted the development of the first comprehensive juvenile court in 1899.

Accepted Answer

The child savers' efforts led to the development of the first comprehensive juvenile court in 1899 as they advocated for a separate court system that would focus on rehabilitating and protecting children instead of punishing them in adult courts.

Question 7

Charles Loring Brace was the philanthropist who developed the Children's Aid Society.

Accepted Answer

Charles Loring Brace was indeed the philanthropist who developed the Children's Aid Society in 1853, which aimed to help orphaned and abandoned children in New York City.

Question 8

The child savers movement was made up of middle-class civic leaders who helped poor children.

Accepted Answer

The child savers movement in the late 1800s was led by middle-class civic leaders who sought to improve the lives of poor and neglected children through philanthropic and reform efforts.

Question 9

In which case did the Court hold that the prosecution of juveniles as adults in the California Superior Court violated the double jeopardy clause of the Fifth Amendment if they previously had been tried on the same charge in juvenile court?

Accepted Answer

Breed v. Jones is the only case mentioned in the options that deals with the prosecution of juveniles in adult court and the double jeopardy clause of the Fifth Amendment. The case held that the prosecution of juveniles as adults in the California Superior Court violated the double jeopardy clause if they previously had been tried on the same charge in juvenile court. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Question 10

Under the reverse waiver system, a judge can overrule a mandated waiver and decide that a youth shall be tried in juvenile court.

Accepted Answer

This is true. The reverse waiver system allows for a judge to overturn a mandated waiver and determine that a youth will be tried in juvenile court instead of adult court.

Question 11

Most incarcerated juvenile offenders are held for status offenses.

Accepted Answer

Status offenses are actions that are only considered illegal because of the age of the offender (such as truancy or running away from home), and typically do not result in incarceration. Most incarcerated juveniles are held for serious criminal offenses such as violent crimes or drug offenses.

Question 12

What is the most commonly used formal sentence for juvenile offenders?

Accepted Answer

Juvenile probation is commonly used as a formal sentence for juvenile offenders as it allows them to remain in the community under supervision and adhere to certain conditions while completing rehabilitation programs. It is seen as a less harsh alternative to institutionalization or residential placement, while still holding the offender accountable for their actions. Restitution may also be given in addition to probation, as it involves the offender paying back the victim or the community for the harm caused.

Question 13

Deinstitutionalization efforts are principally focused on which type of offenses?

Accepted Answer

Status offenses are behaviors that are considered illegal only because the person committing them is a minor. These offenses include things like truancy, running away from home, and underage drinking. Deinstitutionalization efforts are focused on these offenses because they are often seen as being more harmful to the individual than to society as a whole.

Question 14

Federal courts have ruled that bail is guaranteed to juveniles.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Federal courts have ruled that bail is...

Question 15

Under what system does the prosecutor have the discretion of filing charges for certain legislatively designated offenses in either juvenile or criminal court?

Accepted Answer

Under a direct file waiver system, the prosecutor has the discretion to file charges for certain legislatively designated offenses in either juvenile or criminal court. This means that they can choose to pursue charges against a juvenile in adult criminal court or keep it in juvenile court. This system gives prosecutors more power and discretion in deciding how to handle certain cases involving juveniles.

Question 16

Acts such as truancy and running away from home are considered status offenses.

Accepted Answer

Truancy and running away from home are examples of behaviors that are considered only problematic because of the juvenile status of the offender. They are not crimes for adults, but for juveniles, they are considered status offenses.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a recent reform of juvenile sentencing?

Accepted Answer

All of the given options represent recent reforms related to juvenile sentencing. Some jurisdictions have implemented mandatory or determinate sentences for serious felonies, while others are working to remove status offenders from the juvenile justice system and standardizing dispositions in juvenile court.

Question 18

Schools may search student's possessions without a search warrant.

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court has ruled that schools have a reduced expectation of privacy, and therefore school officials are allowed to search a student's possessions without a warrant if they have a reasonable suspicion that the student has violated school rules or the law.

Question 19

Most juvenile aftercare involves:

Accepted Answer

Juvenile aftercare typically involves parole, which is a supervised release of juvenile offenders after serving time in a correctional facility, aimed at helping them reintegrate into the community.

Question 20

Incarceration in a public facility is the most common formal sentence for juvenile offenders.

Accepted Answer

While incarceration in a public facility is one possible sentence for juvenile offenders, it is not the most common. Other options, such as probation or community service, are often used in order to avoid the negative effects of imprisonment on young people.

Quiz 13: The Juvenile Justice System