Question 1

Osteoarthritis is usually caused by

Accepted Answer

Osteoarthritis is caused by a combination of genetic factors, repetitive motions or activities, and previous injuries or trauma to the affected joint. Therefore, all of the answer choices are correct.

Question 2

Postmenopausal women have a greater risk for

Accepted Answer

Postmenopausal women are at increased risk for a range of health issues, including osteoporosis (due to decreased estrogen levels), heart disease (due to changes in cholesterol levels), and weight gain (due to changes in metabolism). Therefore, all of the answers are correct.

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding sexuality and aging is true?

Accepted Answer

An active sex life may help to increase longevity. While it is true that sexual desire may decrease with age, sexual activity can still be a healthy and enjoyable part of life for older adults. In fact, research has shown that an active sex life may help to increase longevity and improve overall quality of life in older adults. Sexual self-esteem also remains important for both men and women as they age, as it can impact their sexual satisfaction and well-being.

Question 4

All of the following are normal age-related changes that occur in the brain except

Accepted Answer

While some decline in cognitive abilities is normal with aging, significant difficulty with problem-solving skills is not typically considered a normal age-related change and may indicate a more serious cognitive issue.

Question 5

Which of the following becomes more of a challenge with aging?

Accepted Answer

Defining what is a good life and a good death becomes more of a challenge with aging because as people age, they may have more time to reflect on their lives and mortality, and they may need to redefine what is important to them.

Question 6

Martha has osteoarthritis.Which of the following activities should she avoid?

Accepted Answer

Jogging can put a lot of pressure on the joints, which can exacerbate the symptoms of osteoarthritis. Martha should instead engage in low-impact activities such as swimming, walking, or tai chi, which can help improve joint flexibility and reduce pain.

Question 7

Life expectancy for men is

Accepted Answer

Life expectancy for men is generally lower than it is for women by nearly 5 years, with variations depending on the country and specific demographic factors.

Question 8

All of the following factors put women at higher risk than men for osteoporosis except

Accepted Answer

Testosterone in males helps maintain bone mass in men as they age, which is an advantage that women do not have. The other choices provide valid reasons why women are at higher risk for osteoporosis.

Question 9

Menopause officially begins

Accepted Answer

Menopause is officially declared twelve months after a woman's last menstrual period. This is because menopause signifies the end of a woman's reproductive years and the cessation of her menstrual cycle. Symptoms like hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and night sweats may begin before or after this official declaration of menopause. A woman's age or menstrual cycle slowing down may be factors leading up to menopause, but they do not necessarily signify the beginning of menopause itself.

Question 10

Which of the following is predicted to decrease life expectancy in coming years?

Accepted Answer

Obesity is a well-known risk factor for a variety of health conditions such as heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. These conditions can shorten a person's life expectancy. Therefore, higher rates of obesity are predicted to decrease life expectancy in coming years.

Question 11

Presbyopia affects a person's ability to

Accepted Answer

Presbyopia is a condition that comes with age and affects the ability to see close objects, especially in low light. It is caused by a hardening of the lens of the eye that makes it difficult to focus on nearby objects. It does not affect hearing or the ability to see objects far away or focus on their shape.

Question 12

The "eight Americas" analysis of longevity distinguishes between different groups of Americans based on all of the following except

Accepted Answer

The "eight Americas" analysis of longevity distinguishes groups based on racial, geographic, and economic factors, but not specifically on educational factors.

Question 13

Which of the following factors indicate that health conditions for older adults have not improved?

Accepted Answer

All of the answer choices indicate that health conditions for older adults have not improved. The fact that they report having about 5 physically unhealthy days per month and most have at least one chronic health condition suggest ongoing health problems. Additionally, the report of mental distress about 2 days per month suggests that their overall well-being may also be negatively affected.

Question 14

Penny is a 45-year-old female who is experiencing changes in her menstrual cycle,mood swings,and vaginal dryness.Her symptoms are most likely due to

Accepted Answer

Penny's symptoms are most likely due to perimenopause, which is the transitional stage leading up to menopause. Menstrual cycles become irregular, mood swings are common, and vaginal dryness can occur during this time. Premenstrual syndrome (B) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (C) typically occur before menstruation, not during perimenopause. Menopause (A) is the cessation of menstruation for 12 consecutive months and does not typically cause changes in menstrual cycle or mood swings, but can cause vaginal dryness.

Question 15

Most age-related hearing loss is a result of

Accepted Answer

Most age-related hearing loss, also known as presbycusis, is a result of damage to the microscopic hair cells in the inner ear. These hair cells are responsible for translating sound vibrations into electrical signals that the brain can interpret as sound. As we age, these hair cells can become damaged due to a variety of factors, including genetics, exposure to loud noises, and general wear and tear. This damage can result in a decreased ability to hear high-pitched sounds and difficulty distinguishing speech in noisy environments.

Question 16

Members of which ethnicity are most likely to rate their health as excellent or good?

Accepted Answer

According to the National Health Interview Survey, Asian Americans are most likely to report excellent or good health compared to other racial and ethnic groups in the United States.

Question 17

Which of the following nutrients may slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that consuming high levels of zinc and antioxidants (such as vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene) can help slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration.

Question 18

Which of the following ethnicities has the highest life expectancy?

Accepted Answer

Asian Americans have the highest life expectancy among the listed ethnicities, with an average life expectancy of 87 years. Caucasians have an average life expectancy of 79 years, Hispanics have an average life expectancy of 81 years, and African Americans have an average life expectancy of 75 years.

Question 19

Social aging refers to age-related changes in

Accepted Answer

Social aging refers to the changes in an individual's relationships, roles, and social contexts as they age. This includes career transitions, changes in income, and shifts in social networks. It is different from physical aging (A), cognitive aging (C), and emotional aging (D).

Question 20

All of the following statements regarding hormone replacement therapy are true except:

Accepted Answer

Bioidentical hormones are not proven to be more effective than standard hormone replacement therapy for treating menopausal symptoms.

Quiz 16: Aging Well