Question 1

Which of the following is an appropriate specimen source for cytogenetic analysis?

Accepted Answer

A source with nucleated cells that can be manipulated into mitosis is the most appropriate specimen source for cytogenetic analysis. This allows for the observation and analysis of the chromosomes during metaphase, which is necessary for identifying genetic abnormalities. B, C, and D do not specify the necessary characteristics for a suitable specimen source for cytogenetic analysis.

Question 2

Acute myeloid leukemia patients have acquired clonal chromosome aberrations in the leukemic blast cells.One cytogenetic aberration is identified as 11q23 abnormality with an MLL gene rearrangement.What is the typical morphologic feature?

Accepted Answer

The 11q23 abnormality with MLL gene rearrangement is typically associated with monocytic features in acute myeloid leukemia.

Question 3

A 60-year-old patient was admitted to the local hospital presenting with petechiae on his upper torso.Physical examination revealed a thin,pale man.Admission labs came back,and the results revealed the presence of 50% blasts and 25% hypergranular promyelocytes.A bone marrow aspirate was ordered that confirmed the peripheral blood picture.Cytogenetic analysis revealed the following: t (11;17) ( q23;q21).How does this impact the patient's care?

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

Why would a bone marrow aspirate be needed as a specimen for cytogenetic analysis in a patient with a lymphoma?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why would a bone marrow aspirate be...

Question 5

Which of the following can result in trisomy?

Accepted Answer

Nondisjunction is an error in meiosis where homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly, resulting in one daughter cell receiving an extra chromosome (trisomy). Anaphase lag refers to an error in mitosis where a chromosome lags behind during cell division, but this typically results in a missing chromosome (monosomy) rather than trisomy. Chromosome banding is a technique used to visualize and identify chromosomes, but it does not directly result in trisomy. Endomitosis is a process where cells undergo repeated rounds of DNA replication without cell division, resulting in polyploidy (multiple sets of chromosomes), but not necessarily trisomy of a specific chromosome.

Question 6

A patient is receiving chemotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma.When the treatment ends,a cytogenetic analysis is ordered to determine whether the treatment was successful.Which of the following would be the most appropriate specimen to collect for this?

Accepted Answer

Lymphoid tissue would be the most appropriate specimen to collect for cytogenetic analysis to determine the success of chemotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma, as this is the tissue affected by the disease. Bone marrow or peripheral blood may also be useful, but would not necessarily provide as accurate of a representation of the success of the treatment. Skin biopsy would not be relevant in this case.

Question 7

A laboratory professional should process a bone marrow aspirate for cytogenetic analysis in a patient with a lymphoma by using which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Direct harvest is the method of choice for processing bone marrow aspirate for cytogenetic analysis in patients with lymphoma. It involves the direct harvesting of cells from the aspirate and processing them without the need for tissue culture or mitogen stimulation, which can introduce artifacts or alter the karyotype. Suspension tissue culture can also be used, but it is not the best choice as it can also introduce artifacts.

Question 8

Which of the following structural aberrations results in loss of an entire chromosomal arm?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following structural aberrations results...

Question 9

The process of cell division is called:

Accepted Answer

The process of cell division is called mitosis. Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs only in reproductive cells to produce gametes. The cell cycle refers to the series of events that occur in a cell leading to its division and duplication. Allele refers to different versions of a gene.

Question 10

Incubation with ________ stops rapid cell division in metaphase and occurs _______ incubation in hypotonic solution.

Accepted Answer

Colchicine is a drug that prevents spindle fiber formation during metaphase, thereby stopping rapid cell division. It is added before incubation in a hypotonic solution to prevent chromosomes from spreading out and loosening their structure.

Question 11

The cell cycle contains four phases: G₁,S,G₂,and mitosis.Which phase must be active to study human chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

During mitosis, chromosomes are condensed and visible under a microscope, making it the ideal phase to study human chromosomes.

Question 12

What is the main difference between nondisjunction and anaphase lag?

Accepted Answer

Nondisjunction occurs when chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, resulting in a gamete with an extra chromosome (trisomy) or one missing a chromosome (monosomy). Anaphase lag occurs when a chromosome lags behind during cell division resulting in one daughter cell receiving one less copy of a chromosome (monosomy). Therefore, nondisjunction can result in both trisomy and monosomy, while anaphase lag only results in monosomy.

Question 13

The chromosome abnormality type that results in a daughter cell with an extra chromosome-or trisomy-or a daughter cell with a loss of chromosome is characterized as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Numerical aberration refers to the type of chromosome abnormality that involves an extra or missing chromosome, also known as trisomy or monosomy, respectively.

Question 14

During the harvesting phase of sample preparation,the cells are arrested in metaphase by:

Accepted Answer

Incubation with colchicine disrupts spindle fiber formation, leading to cell arrest in metaphase. Fixing with Carnoy's fixative and incubation with KCl can also be used for cell fixation and swelling, respectively, but they do not specifically arrest cells in metaphase. Addition of phytohemagglutinin stimulates cell division and would not be used to arrest cells in metaphase.

Question 15

Which of the following terms is used to describe a chromosomal aberration present in a human cell that is a multiple of n?

Accepted Answer

Polyploidy is a chromosomal aberration where a cell has multiple sets of chromosomes (3n, 4n, etc.) rather than the normal diploid set (2n). Trisomy refers specifically to having three copies of a particular chromosome, while aneuploidy refers to an abnormal number of chromosomes (which could include having an extra or missing chromosome, but not necessarily a multiple of n). Diploid is the normal state for most cells, with two sets of chromosomes.

Question 16

Which specimen would be optimal for studying lymphoma?

Accepted Answer

Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, which includes lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow. Therefore, the optimal specimen for studying lymphoma would be an involved lymph node as it will contain the cancerous cells or tissue. Peripheral blood and amniotic fluid would not provide adequate information about lymphoma, while solid tumor biopsy may not necessarily represent the entire disease process.

Question 17

Cytogenetic analysis focuses on:

Accepted Answer

Cytogenetic analysis involves the examination of chromosomes, including their number, structure, and behavior, making chromosome assessment the best choice. The other choices do not specifically relate to cytogenetics.

Question 18

A 42-year-old female patient has a solid tumor in her left lung.The physician has ordered cytogenetic analysis.What type of specimen is needed?

Accepted Answer

Pleural effusion is the correct type of specimen for cytogenetic analysis in the case of a lung tumor, as it can contain cells shed from the tumor itself, providing valuable information for diagnosis and treatment planning.

Question 19

Which of the following represents the location of the chromosomes during metaphase?

Accepted Answer

During metaphase, the chromosomes line up in the center (equator) of the cell, also known as the metaphase plate.

Question 20

The first abnormality described in the lymphomas was in Burkitt lymphoma.This first demonstration of a proto-oncogene that was translocated to a location known to be active in B-cell lymphoma,resulting in the activation of the oncogene,was at what heavy chain locus?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first abnormality described in the lymphomas...

Quiz 41: Chromosome Analysis of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Disorders