Question 1

Which of the following is (are)a political site(s)?

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

Blake has decided that to truly address the problems in his organization,he (and other organization members)must understand and address communication issues in and around the organization,because he believes communication actually creates (not simply reflects)the realities in which we live.This approach is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Social constructionism is an approach that emphasizes the role of communication in shaping our understanding of reality. It suggests that reality is not an objective or fixed thing, but rather is created and maintained through communication among individuals and groups. Therefore, to address organizational issues, Blake believes it's essential to examine and address communication processes and patterns in order to understand how they contribute to shaping the organization's realities. This stands in contrast with other approaches, such as historical materialism, which emphasizes the role of economic and social structures in shaping reality.

Question 3

The ideology of work/life balance,as promoted by corporations,can create discursive closure by:

Accepted Answer

All of the above options contribute to the potential of discursive closure in the ideology of work/life balance. Highlighting the importance of work can lead individuals to prioritize work over other aspects of their lives, equating life with family can exclude those who do not have traditional family structures or prioritize other aspects of their lives, and placing responsibility solely on individuals can ignore systemic factors that contribute to work/life imbalance.

Question 4

Which of the following modes of ownership and production did Marx not consider exploitative?

Accepted Answer

Marx did not consider tribal mode of ownership and production as exploitative because he argued that in tribal societies, the means of production were collectively owned and there was no class division based on private ownership of property. Therefore, there was no exploitation of one class by another.

Question 5

According to cultural studies,people with more _____________ have greater influence over the meaning construction process and are better able to get others to share in their view of the world.

Accepted Answer

Cultural capital refers to the accumulated knowledge, skills, and tastes that a person has acquired through their upbringing and education. People with more cultural capital are better equipped to navigate cultural contexts and have greater influence over how meaning is constructed and shared within their social and cultural circles. They are often able to get others to share in their views of the world because their cultural capital gives them the ability to persuasively articulate their beliefs and opinions in ways that are more socially acceptable and intellectually compelling. Economic resources, social trust, and political clout may also be important factors in shaping cultural meaning, but they do not have the same level of influence as cultural capital.

Question 6

McDonaldization,the term used to describe the proliferation of prepackaged,instant,easily consumable products and lifestyles,would be associated most closely with which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

The answer of McDonaldization,the term used to describe the proliferation...

Question 7

Important Frankfurt School members included all of the following,except:

Accepted Answer

Rudolf Carnap was not a member of the Frankfurt School. He was a logical positivist philosopher and a member of the Vienna Circle.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of what Karl Marx identified as surplus value?

Accepted Answer

Surplus value is the difference between the value that a worker produces and the value of the wages that the worker receives. If a worker increases their rate of production but does not receive a corresponding raise in pay, then the surplus value increases because the worker is producing more value for the same amount of wages. Choice A is the only option that fits this definition.

Question 9

According to the communicative construction of organization approach,which of the following forms of communication is (are)able to shape organizational members' behavior in significant ways?

Accepted Answer

According to the communicative construction of organization approach, all forms of communication including annual report, organizational mission statement, and one-on-one conversations are able to shape organizational members' behavior in significant ways. This approach emphasizes the role of communication in creating and maintaining organizational structures, culture, and identities. Therefore, all of the choices are potential communication tools that can influence organizational members' behavior.

Question 10

According to the critical perspective,organizations are:

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the critical perspective,organizations are:
...

Question 11

Which of the following rejected the distinction between high and low culture?

Accepted Answer

Cultural Studies rejected the distinction between high and low culture, arguing that all cultural practices and forms have significance and should be studied equally. The Frankfurt School and Karl Marx did critique the traditional ideas of high culture, but they did not reject the distinction completely.

Question 12

Frankfurt School members were most concerned about the growing dominance of which type of reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Frankfurt School members were most concerned about the growing dominance of instrumental reasoning, which prioritizes efficiency, calculation, and technical optimization over human needs and democratic values. They believed that this type of reasoning had led to the spread of totalitarianism, the degradation of critical thinking and creativity, and the subjugation of individuals to ruthless power structures. The Frankfurt School advocated for a critical theory that would expose the contradictions and limits of capitalism and offer alternative visions of a more just, democratic, and humane society.

Question 13

According to the Frankfurt School,the culture industry affects consumerism through advertising by:

Accepted Answer

The Frankfurt School argued that the culture industry, which includes advertising, affects consumerism by promoting the idea that all needs can be fulfilled through consumption, constantly bombarding consumers with advertisements, and creating and shaping desires and needs through pre-determined images and messages. Therefore, all of the above choices are correct.

Question 14

Frankfurt School members were interested in all of the following,except:

Accepted Answer

The Frankfurt School members were not interested in uncovering immutable truths, as they believed that knowledge and society are constantly changing and evolving. Rather, they were interested in examining the course of modernist, Enlightenment thought, fostering social change, and critically examining the nature of knowledge itself.

Question 15

The $1 billion Facebook paid to acquire Instagram in 2012 was based on Instagram's:

Accepted Answer

The $1 billion Facebook paid to acquire Instagram was based on the exchange value of Instagram. Exchange value refers to the price at which a product or service can be sold on the market. In this case, the value of Instagram was determined by its potential to generate revenue and increase Facebook's user base.

Question 16

Which of the following criteria is (are)important for ethical communication?

Accepted Answer

Ethical communication should promote individual and relational growth, fostering an environment where members can develop and improve their interactions and understanding.

Question 17

Nintendogs is a Nintendo game in which you take care of,train,and bond with an adorable (virtual)puppy.The availability of everything,including virtual puppy ownership,to be bought and sold is a property of capitalism called:

Accepted Answer

Commodification refers to the process of turning something into a commodity that can be bought and sold in the marketplace. In the case of Nintendogs, the virtual puppy ownership is a commodity that can be bought and sold within the capitalist system. Corporatization refers to the process of turning everything into a business, which may not fully apply to Nintendogs as it is a game developed and sold by a corporation. Hegemony refers to the dominance of one group over others, which is not applicable to the context of Nintendogs. Materialism refers to an emphasis on material possessions, rather than spiritual or intellectual values, which is also not fully applicable to Nintendogs, as it is a virtual experience.

Question 18

The term used to describe a great deal of neo-Marxist theory and research based on the ideas of the Frankfurt School is:

Accepted Answer

The Frankfurt School is known for developing critical theory, which is a neo-Marxist approach to analyzing social structures and power dynamics. Critical theory emphasizes the role of culture, ideology, and the media in shaping society and perpetuating inequalities. Economic determinism is a different approach that emphasizes the importance of economic factors in shaping society. Semiotics is a separate field that focuses on the study of symbols and signs, and social constructionism is a theory that suggests that social realities are constructed through language and social interactions.

Question 19

Which of the following envisioned popular culture as something that was administered from above as an instrument of social control?

Accepted Answer

The Frankfurt School envisioned popular culture as something that was administered from above as an instrument of social control. Cultural Studies and Karl Marx did not specifically use this language to describe popular culture in the same way as the Frankfurt School.

Question 20

Culture jamming,the practice of using corporate advertising against the corporations by reworking the meaning of the advertisement,is understood best from which of the following schools of critical theory?

Accepted Answer

Culture jamming is a form of cultural resistance and critique, which aligns with the overarching goals of cultural studies to explore power dynamics, social norms, and cultural production. Cultural studies emphasize analysis of popular culture and its intersection with power structures, making it the best fit for understanding the tactics of culture jamming. The Frankfurt School and Karl Marx also provide critical frameworks for understanding culture and power, but they do not specifically focus on the practice of using advertising against corporations.

Quiz 2: The Critical Approach

Which of the following is (are) a political site(s) ?