Question 1

Those subjects who experienced intense dread in the study described in Module Five showed increased activity in:
A) the brain areas associated with memory
B) the thalamus
C) the brain areas associated with pain
D) the parietal lobe

Accepted Answer

The study found that subjects who experienced intense dread showed increased activity in the brain areas associated with pain, suggesting that dread may involve a neural response similar to that of physical pain.

Question 2

Neural deafness is caused by:
A) the presence of carbamide in the auditory canal
B) injury to the tympanic membrane
C) malfunction of the ossicles
D) damage to the hair cells

Accepted Answer

Neural deafness is caused by damage to the hair cells in the cochlea, which are responsible for converting sound waves into electrical signals that the brain can interpret.

Question 3

Three-year old John has just received a cochlear implant.Based on material presented in your textbook,he will need:
A) a replacement in two years
B) a replacement in five years
C) intensive motor skill rehabilitation
D) intensive speech rehabilitation

Accepted Answer

Three-year old John will need intensive speech rehabilitation after receiving a cochlear implant. Cochlear implants help with hearing, but do not automatically improve speech. It takes time, effort, and rehabilitation to develop speech and language skills with a cochlear implant.

Question 4

Cochlear implants involve small electronic devices that take the place of the:
A) ear drum
B) basilar membrane
C) hair cells
D) anvil, hammer, and stirrup

Accepted Answer

Cochlear implants replace the hair cells in the inner ear that are responsible for converting sound vibrations into neural signals. The electronic devices directly stimulate the auditory nerve to create the perception of sound in individuals with severe hearing loss or deafness, bypassing the non-functioning hair cells.

Question 5

What seems to be the best explanation for the reported effects of acupuncture?
A) the competence of the doctor
B) the time of day the acupuncture is given
C) belief in its effectiveness
D) the age of the patient

Accepted Answer

The reported effects of acupuncture have been found to be mostly related to belief in its effectiveness, which suggests that the placebo effect plays a significant role in the observed outcomes. Research has shown that people who believe in the effectiveness of acupuncture may experience therapeutic effects through the activation of the body's endogenous pain-relief systems.

Question 6

A worker in a lumber mill suffers a serious injury when he gets his arm caught in the machinery.Though the experience is painful,it is less painful than it might be because:
A) the worker is probably too delirious to experience much pain
B) the pain sensors are probably damaged in such an injury
C) trauma blocks the production of sodium ions and so transmission of pain impulses is blocked
D) the brain produces endorphins, which stop receptors from signaling pain

Accepted Answer

The best choice is D because endorphins are chemicals produced by the brain that act as natural painkillers. When the body goes through a traumatic experience or experiences intense pain, the brain releases endorphins which can block pain signals from being transmitted to the brain. Therefore, the worker in the lumber mill may be experiencing less pain due to the release of endorphins in response to the injury.

Question 7

A doctor suggests that a patient may benefit from an electronic ear implant.The person probably has:
A) conductive deafness
B) middle ear damage
C) damage to associative areas of the brain
D) neural deafness

Accepted Answer

An electronic ear implant, such as a cochlear implant, is typically used for individuals with neural deafness, which involves damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve.

Question 8

Mary's grandfather suffers from hearing loss.The doctor recommends a hearing aid.Grandfather's condition is most likely:
A) neural deafness
B) auditory fatigue
C) conduction deafness
D) cochlea fatigue

Accepted Answer

Conduction deafness occurs when sound waves cannot reach the inner ear due to blockage or damage to the ear canal, eardrum, or middle ear bones. A hearing aid is used to amplify the sound waves and help them reach the inner ear. This is why the doctor recommended a hearing aid for Mary's grandfather. Neural deafness is caused by damage to the auditory nerve, cochlea fatigue refers to the temporary reduction in hearing ability due to exposure to loud noise, and auditory fatigue is the temporary reduction in hearing ability due to prolonged exposure to sound.

Question 9

In a study where subjects thought they were getting acupuncture in their right arm,but only received a fake acupuncture treatment,they:
A) reported more pain in their arm
B) figured out that the treatment was not real
C) reported less pain in their arm
D) reported less feeling in their arm

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as the placebo effect, where the belief in receiving a real treatment can result in a decrease in perceived symptoms. In this case, the subjects reported less pain in their arm despite only receiving a fake treatment.

Question 10

A microchip implanted into the retina could:
A) restore full vision
B) help farsighted individuals
C) change light waves into electrical signals
D) help dichromats see more colors

Accepted Answer

A microchip implanted into the retina can change light waves into electrical signals, which can then be sent to the brain to create an image. However, it would not necessarily restore full vision or help with farsightedness or dichromatism.

Question 11

Holly hurts her shoulder playing tennis.A therapist inserts needles in several points on her body and stimulates them.The therapist is treating Holly's shoulder using:
A) biofeedback
B) acupuncture
C) cognitive programming
D) behavioral programming

Accepted Answer

The therapist is using acupuncture, as this involves the insertion of needles into specific points on the body to stimulate them and promote healing. Biofeedback involves using electronic monitoring to help train patients to control bodily processes, cognitive programming involves changing thought patterns and beliefs, and behavioral programming involves modifying specific behaviors. None of these methods involve the use of needles or stimulation of specific points on the body, as in acupuncture.

Question 12

Dr.McCurnin says that the brain has its own factory that makes pain killers.Dr.McCurnin is:
A) describing a theory
B) making a reference to neurotransmitters
C) referring to endorphins
D) wrong

Accepted Answer

Dr. McCurnin is referring to endorphins, which are a type of neurotransmitter that acts as a pain reliever. Endorphins are produced by the brain and can bind to the same receptors as opioids, reducing pain and promoting feelings of well-being.

Question 13

Stan,who is blind because of damage to the optic nerves,is participating in a research study on artificial senses.He is eligible for an experimental device to help him see,at least partially.Which of the following is best suited for Stan?
A) cochlear implant
B) upon further review, Stan cannot be helped
C) artificial eye and retina
D) implanting tiny wires from a camera into his visual cortex

Accepted Answer

Since Stan's blindness is due to damage to the optic nerves, the best choice for him would be to implant tiny wires from a camera into his visual cortex. This would bypass the damaged optic nerves and directly stimulate his brain to produce visual perception. The other options, such as cochlear implants and artificial eyes/retinas, are used for hearing and vision problems caused by different types of damage or dysfunction. Upon further review, it is discovered that Stan cannot be helped with the other options mentioned.

Question 14

Based on the study on dread in Module Five,what would people dread most about getting a root canal?
A) waiting for it
B) the pain associated with the procedure
C) the pain associated with the recovery and healing
D) the possibility that the dentist will find other problems

Accepted Answer

People dread the anticipation of an unpleasant event, such as waiting for a root canal, more than the actual event or its aftermath. This is because the anticipation period is filled with uncertainty and fear, which can be more distressing than the known quantities of pain and recovery.

Question 15

Conduction deafness differs from neural deafness in that:
A) conduction deafness cannot be treated
B) neural deafness can be treated when cells regenerate
C) conduction deafness can be helped with an external hearing aid
D) neural deafness can be helped with an external hearing aid

Accepted Answer

Conduction deafness, which occurs when sound waves cannot be conducted to the inner ear, can often be helped with an external hearing aid. Neural deafness, which is caused by damage to the auditory nerve or the hearing centers of the brain, cannot typically be treated with an external hearing aid. While neural deafness may sometimes improve with time or medical interventions, such as cochlear implants, it is not typically treated by amplifying external sounds like in conduction deafness.

Question 16

Conduction deafness involves conditions that:
A) interfere with transmitting vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the cochlea
B) are not improved by the use of a hearing aid
C) involve damage to the auditory receptor cells along the basilar membrane
D) are caused by damage to association areas

Accepted Answer

Conduction deafness is caused by any factor that interferes with the transmission of sound vibrations from the outer ear to the cochlea. This can include earwax buildup, damage to the bones or structures of the middle ear, or other obstructions. It can often be treated with a hearing aid or other interventions.

Question 17

The effects of endorphins are similar to the effects of:
A) dopamine
B) caffeine
C) nicotine
D) morphine

Accepted Answer

The effects of endorphins are similar to the effects of morphine, which is a powerful pain killer and can produce feelings of euphoria and well-being. This is why endorphins are sometimes referred to as the body's natural painkillers. The other options listed (dopamine, caffeine, and nicotine) do not have the same pain-relieving properties as endorphins and morphine.

Question 18

It appears that acupuncture is not effective in treating:
A) headaches
B) back pain
C) nausea
D) knee pain

Accepted Answer

Acupuncture has been found to be effective in treating back pain, nausea, and knee pain, but its effectiveness for headaches, particularly tension headaches and migraines, is still debated and has not been conclusively proven.

Question 19

A firecracker explodes near Timmy's ear.Most of his hearing is lost.A doctor's examination shows damage to his auditory nerve.Timmy is suffering from:
A) auditory fatigue
B) neural deafness
C) cochlea implant
D) conduction deafness

Accepted Answer

The damage to Timmy's auditory nerve results in neural deafness, which means the problem is with the nerve pathways that transmit sound from the ear to the brain, rather than with the physical structures of the ear (such as in conduction deafness). Auditory fatigue refers to temporary hearing loss due to overstimulation of the auditory system, and cochlea implants are electronic devices that can provide hearing to those with severe hearing loss.

Question 20

Scientists have studied how acupuncture is effective in reducing pain.One idea presented in your textbook suggests that:
A) the needles interfere with the sodium pumps in the neuron
B) it alters the magnetic wave energy surrounding your body
C) endorphins are secreted from stimulating points along the pain pathway
D) the brain is stimulated to produce aspirin

Accepted Answer

The idea presented in the textbook is that acupuncture stimulates the release of endorphins, which are the body's natural painkillers, from points along the pain pathway. This can help to reduce pain and promote healing. The other choices, including interfering with sodium pumps, altering magnetic energy, and producing aspirin in the brain, are not supported by current scientific evidence.

Quiz 5: Sensation

Those subjects who experienced intense dread in the study described in Module Five showed increased activity in:

Neural deafness is caused by:

Three-year old John has just received a cochlear implant.Based on material presented in your textbook,he will need:

Cochlear implants involve small electronic devices that take the place of the:

What seems to be the best explanation for the reported effects of acupuncture?

A worker in a lumber mill suffers a serious injury when he gets his arm caught in the machinery.Though the experience is painful,it is less painful than it might be because:

A doctor suggests that a patient may benefit from an electronic ear implant.The person probably has:

Mary's grandfather suffers from hearing loss.The doctor recommends a hearing aid.Grandfather's condition is most likely:

In a study where subjects thought they were getting acupuncture in their right arm,but only received a fake acupuncture treatment,they:

A microchip implanted into the retina could:

Holly hurts her shoulder playing tennis.A therapist inserts needles in several points on her body and stimulates them.The therapist is treating Holly's shoulder using:

Dr.McCurnin says that the brain has its own factory that makes pain killers.Dr.McCurnin is:

Stan,who is blind because of damage to the optic nerves,is participating in a research study on artificial senses.He is eligible for an experimental device to help him see,at least partially.Which of the following is best suited for Stan?

Based on the study on dread in Module Five,what would people dread most about getting a root canal?

Conduction deafness differs from neural deafness in that:

Conduction deafness involves conditions that:

The effects of endorphins are similar to the effects of:

It appears that acupuncture is not effective in treating:

A firecracker explodes near Timmy's ear.Most of his hearing is lost.A doctor's examination shows damage to his auditory nerve.Timmy is suffering from:

Scientists have studied how acupuncture is effective in reducing pain.One idea presented in your textbook suggests that: