Question 1

Professor Wallace,who is notorious for her essay exams,was approached by a student who asked to retake the exam,but in a different form such as multiple choice.The student claimed that he knew and understood the material and he could demonstrate it better on a multiple-choice exam.Why would he make such a claim?

Accepted Answer

The student is claiming that they can demonstrate their understanding better on a multiple-choice exam because performance on retrieval-based tests (tests that require selecting a correct answer from options) tends to be better than that on recall-based tests (tests that require producing an answer from memory or generating an answer on one's own). Therefore, the student believes that they can perform better on a multiple-choice exam.

Question 2

A man was convicted of involuntary murder of an elderly woman.The incident took place while the two were arguing,and the woman suffered a heart attack and died.The man is very remorseful,but cannot remember anything about the argument.This type of forgetting best illustrates:

Accepted Answer

Repression is the defense mechanism in which people unconsciously forget events or memories that are too painful or traumatic to recall. In this case, the man cannot remember the argument that led to the woman's death, indicating that this memory might have been repressed. The fact that he is very remorseful also suggests that he might be suppressing his emotions due to the painful memories associated with the incident.

Question 3

Studying by cramming or rote memory tends to:

Accepted Answer

Studying by cramming or rote memory creates poor retrieval cues because the information is not deeply processed and linked to other knowledge in the memory system. This can make it difficult to retrieve the information later on, especially in different contexts or situations.

Question 4

Based on the study of memory of high school classmates,what happens to the accuracy rate for recognition over 47 years?

Accepted Answer

The accuracy rate for recognizing high school classmates tends to remain relatively stable over a long period, such as 47 years, indicating that once faces are encoded into memory, they can be quite resilient to the passage of time.

Question 5

Most students show better memory on ____ tests compared to ____ tests.

Accepted Answer

Recognition tests involve being shown stimuli and then being asked to identify them from a list of options, while recall tests involve having to retrieve information from memory without any cues. Research has shown that recognition tests are often easier for students because they provide cues to trigger memory retrieval.

Question 6

What name is best associated with repression?

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud is best associated with repression as it is a central concept in his psychoanalytic theory. He believed that individuals unconsciously push distressing thoughts and memories out of awareness in order to avoid anxiety and maintain psychological equilibrium.

Question 7

"I've moved so many times in the last five years,I get confused trying to remember all my phone numbers.I don't have any problems remembering my current phone number,but all the others are hard to remember." This most clearly illustrates:

Accepted Answer

This situation demonstrates interference, which occurs when new information interferes with the retrieval of previously learned information. The multiple moves and phone number changes have created interference with the individual's ability to remember all their previous phone numbers.

Question 8

You are helping to plan your family reunion.Ninety-six-year old Grandma Cassie is helping you to identify long-lost relatives.She remarks that she hasn't seen some of the relatives for decades and can't exactly remember their names.Which of the following strategies would help Grandma Cassie remember the names of these relatives?

Accepted Answer

Showing Grandma Cassie some pictures of these relatives could trigger her memory and help her remember their names. This is a visual aid that can provide cues for retrieval of information that may not be easily recalled. Teaching her the method of loci may not be practical given her age and cognitive abilities, writing down names she can remember could be useful but may not capture all relevant information, and asking her to think really hard may not necessarily lead to successful recall as she may simply not have that information stored in her memory.

Question 9

Why would a memory be repressed?

Accepted Answer

Memories may be repressed because they are emotionally threatening or provoke anxiety. This can result in the individual pushing the memory into their unconscious mind as a way to protect themselves from experiencing psychological pain.

Question 10

Reminders we create in making associations between previously learned information and newly learned information are called:

Accepted Answer

Reminders that create associations between previously learned information and newly learned information are known as retrieval cues. Nodes, scripts, and schemas refer to other concepts in memory and do not specifically involve reminders or associations between information.

Question 11

If memory loss follows a blow or damage to the brain,the person is suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Amnesia is characterized by memory loss caused by brain damage, and it is commonly seen in people who have experienced head injuries. Korsakoff's syndrome, on the other hand, is caused by alcohol misuse and is characterized by amnesia, confusion, and difficulty learning new information. Wernicke's aphasia is a language disorder caused by damage to the language centers of the brain, and interference refers to the phenomenon where previous learning interferes with new learning.

Question 12

Harry can't remember anything that happened after he was taken prisoner and tortured during the war.Harry is suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Harry's inability to remember events after being taken prisoner and tortured during the war is a classic symptom of amnesia. Amnesia is a partial or total loss of memory caused by physical damage to the brain, disease, or psychological trauma. It can be temporary or permanent, and may affect the ability to recall memories from both the distant and recent past. Alzheimer's disease and Korsakoff's syndrome are specific types of amnesia that are caused by specific neurological conditions, and interference refers to the phenomenon where new memories disrupt the ability to remember old memories. However, Harry's symptoms are most consistent with the broader category of amnesia.

Question 13

Bryce attended his 25-year high school reunion.As he was driving to the reunion,he tried to remember the names of some of his classmates.This is called ____; at the reunion,he could remember his classmates when he saw their faces.This is called ____.

Accepted Answer

Trying to remember names without seeing faces involves recall, while being able to recognize classmates upon seeing their faces involves recognition.

Question 14

Much of the controversy surrounding repression involves:

Accepted Answer

The controversy surrounding repression primarily involves the debate over the validity and accuracy of recovered memories, particularly those related to sexual abuse. The reliability of eyewitness testimony and flashbulb memories are separate areas of research and controversy, while Freud's theory of personality is not directly related to the debate over repression.

Question 15

You hear about a woman who was receiving therapy and found out that she had repressed memories of being sexually abused 20 years ago.Given the information in this module,what would be the most important question about her case?

Accepted Answer

The question of whether the therapist implanted or suggested the memory is crucial in this case, as research has shown that false memories can be implanted through therapeutic techniques such as hypnosis or guided imagery. It is important to determine the source and accuracy of the memories before taking any further action.

Question 16

The inability to retrieve,recall,or recognize information that was stored or is still stored in long-term memory is called:

Accepted Answer

Forgetting refers to the inability to retrieve or recall information that was previously stored or is still stored in long-term memory. Interference refers to the disruption of memory retrieval by other information, and disuse refers to the theory that memories can decay over time if they are not used. Decoding refers to the process of interpreting and understanding incoming information.

Question 17

Wow! The lecture in psychology last week was very interesting.But you wonder how much of it you'll remember in seven years.The research says that we forget about ____ of interesting information.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that we forget about 40% of interesting information over the first 24 hours after learning it. This percentage can increase further over time, but it is difficult to estimate exactly how much information will be retained after seven years. Therefore, choice C is the best option as it is the closest to the estimated forgetting percentage.

Question 18

The reason that suggests that people forget information because other information gets in the way and blocks its retrieval is called:

Accepted Answer

Interference occurs when new information enters the memory and blocks or disrupts the retrieval of older information. This interference can be proactive (prior learning interfering with the recall of new information) or retroactive (new information interfering with the recall of older information).

Question 19

When the mind pushes some traumatic memory into the unconscious,only to stay there until it is released,____ is said to have taken place.

Accepted Answer

The described process of pushing a traumatic memory into the unconscious is called repression.

Question 20

You are creating a website to describe interference.What would be the most appropriate website name?

Accepted Answer

The most appropriate website name for describing interference would be www.block.edu as interference refers to the blockage or disruption of memory or learning.

Quiz 12: Remembering and Forgetting