Question 1

Scientists generally agree that our early (hominid) ancestors evolved from an area in ________.
A) Central East Africa
B) Central West Africa
C) Centra Europe
D) Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
E) Nile Valley

Accepted Answer

The majority of scientific evidence points to the evolution of our hominid ancestors occurring in the region of Central East Africa, specifically in areas now known as Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania. Fossil evidence, as well as genetic analysis, support this theory.

Question 2

Although European countries today largely discourage immigration, the region attracts immigrants from:
A) Russia
B) South America
C) India
D) Africa and the Middle East
E) China

Accepted Answer

Europe attracts a significant number of immigrants from Africa and the Middle East. According to data from the International Organization for Migration, in 2018, the most common countries of origin for migrants crossing the Mediterranean to Europe were Tunisia, Eritrea, and Sudan. Additionally, many refugees and asylum seekers from Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq have sought refuge in Europe in recent years. European countries may discourage immigration, but factors such as conflict, economic instability, and unemployment in migrants' countries of origin make Europe an attractive destination for those seeking better opportunities and safer living conditions.

Question 3

About ________ people cross the border at the San Ysidro, California border each year.
A) 100 million
B) 50 million
C) 25 million
D) 10 million
E) 5 million

Accepted Answer

Approximately 50 million people cross the San Ysidro border each year, making it one of the busiest land border crossings in the world.

Question 4

Which of the following is defined as: a person who has a "well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality,membership of a particular social group or political opinion, [who] is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country"?
A) an economic immigrant
B) a political immigrant
C) a refugee
D) opportunistic migrants
E) transient migrants

Accepted Answer

The definition given is that of a refugee as defined by the United Nations 1951 Refugee Convention. An economic immigrant moves to another country in order to improve their financial situation, while a political immigrant moves to another country due to political oppression or persecution. Opportunistic migrants and transient migrants are not recognized categories of migrants.

Question 5

After slavery was abolished, rather than pay higher wages to freedmen (former slaves), wealthy landowners and investors claimed that their "labor shortage" could be solved by bringing in destitute and hungry ________.
A) Chinese
B) Europeans
C) Japanese
D) Americans
E) Mexicans

Accepted Answer

After slavery was abolished, many wealthy landowners in the United States turned to Chinese laborers as a source of cheap labor, particularly in the western states, to address what they claimed was a "labor shortage."

Question 6

________ migration occurs when people must migrate or suffer terrible consequences.
A) Forced
B) Political
C) Economic
D) Environmental
E) Push

Accepted Answer

Forced migration, also known as involuntary migration, occurs when individuals or communities are forced to leave their homes due to war, persecution, or natural disasters. This type of migration often involves great personal risk and can result in permanent displacement.

Question 7

In Paris, and other similar cities in France, ________ do a large share of the menial labor.
A) Chinese
B) North Africans
C) Russians
D) West Africans
E) Portuguese

Accepted Answer

North Africans, particularly those from Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria, have historically done a significant amount of low-wage labor in France, including in industries such as construction, cleaning, and food service. Many North Africans have immigrated to France since the mid-20th century, and their communities have become an integral part of the country's social fabric.

Question 8

________ diffusion involves the relocation of people themselves from one place to another.
A) Contagious
B) Demic
C) Normal
D) Preliminary
E) Critical

Accepted Answer

Demic diffusion involves the relocation of people from one place to another, while contagious diffusion involves the spread of an idea or disease through contact. Normal diffusion, preliminary diffusion, and critical diffusion are not commonly used terms in geography.

Question 9

International migration has increased considerably in recent decades as:
A) environmental issues dominate the news
B) economic disparities grow narrow between wealthy and poor regions
C) economic disparities grow between wealthy and poor regions
D) political unrest increases in Africa
E) globalization brings television to people's homes in China and India

Accepted Answer

Economic disparities between wealthy and poor regions have grown, leading to increased international migration. People are looking to move from poorer countries with fewer economic opportunities to wealthier countries with more opportunities.

Question 10

The primary set of push and pull factors shaping global migration are ________.
A) economic
B) political
C) social
D) military
E) psychological

Accepted Answer

Economic factors are the primary push factor, while political and social factors are the primary pull factors.

Question 11

Which of the following was not one of the primary countries to establish colonies around the world?
A) Spain
B) Portugal
C) Britain
D) France
E) United States of America

Accepted Answer

The United States of America did not establish colonies around the world. While the US has had territories and influenced the territorial expansion of other countries, it was not one of the major European powers that established colonies.

Question 12

Which of the following is not primary evidence of human diﬀusion?
A) The archaeological record
B) The examination of skeletal remains
C) Signs of early human presence
D) Similarities in the faces of people thousands of miles apart

Accepted Answer

Similarities in the faces of people thousands of miles apart are not considered primary evidence of human diffusion as they can be influenced by various factors such as genetics, environmental conditions, and cultural practices. The archaeological record, examination of skeletal remains, and signs of early human presence are all primary evidence that support the theory of human diffusion.

Question 13

Between the 17th and 19th centuries, about ________ million Africans were taken to the new world.
A) 30
B) 14.5
C) 3
D) 50.5
E) 7.5

Accepted Answer

According to historical estimates, approximately 14.5 million Africans were forcibly taken from their homes and transported to the Americas to be sold into slavery between the 17th and 19th centuries.

Question 14

According to the textbook, humans have always migrated, beginning about ________ years ago
A) 500,000
B) 200,000
C) 100,000
D) 60,000
E) 30,000

Accepted Answer

Humans began migrating out of Africa around 200,000 years ago, which marks the beginning of human migration according to anthropological and archaeological evidence.

Question 15

During the 19th century, the largest migration stream was that between ________.
A) Northwestern Europe and the United States
B) Africa and Europe
C) Asia and Europe
D) Russia and Europe
E) Mexico/South America and the United States

Accepted Answer

During the 19th century, the largest migration stream was between Northwestern Europe (primarily countries like Ireland, Germany, and Scandinavia) and the United States. This was during a period of mass industrialization and urbanization in America, which attracted many Europeans seeking better economic opportunities. The other options listed do not reflect the most significant migration patterns of the 19th century.

Question 16

About ________ people migrated from Europe to the United States between 1821 and 1920.
A) 55 million
B) 33 million
C) 18 million
D) 21 million
E) 15 million

Accepted Answer

Approximately 33 million people migrated from Europe to the United States between 1821 and 1920.

Question 17

Most international migrants are:
A) political refugees
B) workers looking for jobs
C) driven away by environmental devastation
D) fleeing from war
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

According to the United Nations, the majority of international migrants are moving to find work opportunities in different countries. Political refugees, environmental devastation, and war are factors that can contribute to migration, but they do not represent the primary reason for most international migration. Therefore, the best choice is B – workers looking for jobs.

Question 18

The political causes of forced migration are typically ________.
A) armed conﬂict or discrimination
B) rigged elections
C) one party rule and a strong leader
D) famine and deforestation
E) mutual distrust by rival clans

Accepted Answer

Armed conflict and discrimination are common political causes of forced migration, as they often result in persecution and displacement of certain groups of people. Rigged elections, one-party rule, strong leaders, famine, deforestation, and mutual distrust between rival clans may contribute to instability and exacerbate forced migration, but they are not typically considered as primary political causes.

Question 19

The nineteenth century geographer E.G. Ravenstein noted that most migration involves ________.
A) short-distance relocations between neighboring countries
B) short-distance relocations within countries
C) long-term relocation between neighboring countries
D) long-term relocations within countries
E) long-distance relocations within countries

Accepted Answer

Ravenstein's observation that most migration involves short-distance relocations within countries is commonly known as "distance decay." This suggests that individuals are more likely to migrate to destinations that are closer to their original location, rather than undertaking long-distance relocations.

Question 20

It is believed that European settlers to the Americas brought diseases new to the native population, which decimated their number by as much as ________ percent.
A) 90
B) 99.5
C) 70
D) 5
E) 40

Accepted Answer

European settlers brought diseases such as smallpox to the Americas, which native populations had no immunity against, leading to a dramatic decline in their numbers, often estimated to be as high as 90 percent.

Quiz 6: Migration

Scientists generally agree that our early (hominid) ancestors evolved from an area in ________.

Although European countries today largely discourage immigration, the region attracts immigrants from:

About ________ people cross the border at the San Ysidro, California border each year.

After slavery was abolished, rather than pay higher wages to freedmen (former slaves) , wealthy landowners and investors claimed that their "labor shortage" could be solved by bringing in destitute and hungry ________.

________ migration occurs when people must migrate or suffer terrible consequences.

In Paris, and other similar cities in France, ________ do a large share of the menial labor.

________ diffusion involves the relocation of people themselves from one place to another.

International migration has increased considerably in recent decades as:

The primary set of push and pull factors shaping global migration are ________.

Which of the following was not one of the primary countries to establish colonies around the world?

Which of the following is not primary evidence of human diﬀusion?

Between the 17th and 19th centuries, about ________ million Africans were taken to the new world.

According to the textbook, humans have always migrated, beginning about ________ years ago

During the 19th century, the largest migration stream was that between ________.

About ________ people migrated from Europe to the United States between 1821 and 1920.

Most international migrants are:

The political causes of forced migration are typically ________.

The nineteenth century geographer E.G. Ravenstein noted that most migration involves ________.

It is believed that European settlers to the Americas brought diseases new to the native population, which decimated their number by as much as ________ percent.