If any one of the components of expectancy theory (valence,expectancy,or instrumentality) is near zero,there is little or no motivation.

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Expectancy theory states that employees' motivation depends on their belief that their efforts will lead to a desired outcome (expectancy), the perceived value of that outcome (valence), and the belief that their performance will be rewarded (instrumentality). If any one of these components is low or zero, there is little or no motivation.

If Any One of the Components of Expectancy Theory (Valence,expectancy,or