Question 1

The fact that East Asian children tend to practice math facts more often than American children illustrates how _____ can impact acquisition of arithmetic skill.

Accepted Answer

Instructional support refers to the specific techniques used within a teaching approach to promote students' understanding and mastery of content knowledge and skills. In this case, the fact that East Asian children tend to practice math facts more often than American children suggests that this group may receive more focused and effective instructional support in mathematics, which can impact their acquisition of arithmetic skill.

Question 2

A first-grade child from _____ is LEAST likely to use a fact retrieval strategy.

Accepted Answer

Children from the United States are least likely to use a fact retrieval strategy compared to children from Taiwan, Japan, and China. This is because educational systems in Asian countries like Taiwan, Japan, and China often emphasize rote memorization and practice with arithmetic from a young age, leading to a stronger reliance on fact retrieval for math tasks. In contrast, educational approaches in the United States may focus more on conceptual understanding and problem-solving strategies, which can result in less emphasis on memorization and fact retrieval.

Question 3

The fact that American children must master idiosyncratic number words and this makes it more difficult for them to develop arithmetic skills illustrates how

Accepted Answer

The statement highlights the impact of language (linguistics) on the acquisition of arithmetic skills. It suggests that the idiosyncratic (unique or peculiar) number words in the English language can make it harder for American children to develop their arithmetic skills. Therefore, linguistics affects the acquisition of arithmetic skill. Option A is incorrect because the statement only addresses the English language, not American culture as a whole. Option C is incorrect because the statement does not suggest that arithmetic skill affects linguistics. Option D is irrelevant because it mentions the Chinese numbering system which is not discussed in the statement.

Question 4

Countia, a preschooler, adds the numbers 3 and 2 by stating the first number 3 and then counting up from 3. Countia applies the ____ method of adding.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Countia, a preschooler, adds the numbers 3...

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a legitimate criticism of the information-processing approach?

Accepted Answer

While the information-processing approach may not have revolutionized instructional strategies, this is not necessarily a legitimate criticism of the approach itself. The other options – B, C, and D – are commonly cited criticisms of the information-processing approach.

Question 6

Toddlers' use of terms such as little, small, giant, lots, big, huge, or many suggests that they are ready developmentally to think about

Accepted Answer

Toddlers' use of terms such as little, small, giant, lots, big, huge, or many demonstrate their understanding of quantity. They are able to categorize and label things based on their size or amount.

Question 7

Accurate counting is commonly achieved by the age of

Accepted Answer

According to child development experts, most children are able to accurately count up to four by the age of four. However, this can vary from child to child and some may be able to count higher or lower than four at this age.

Question 8

Jaime is adding 10 + 8, and then 8 + 6. It takes her a really long time to do it, and also it takes her longer to add the former than the latter. This pattern suggests that Jaime is using which strategy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jaime is adding 10 + 8, and...

Question 9

Arithmetic reasoning deals with understanding about

Accepted Answer

Arithmetic reasoning involves understanding and working with quantities or amounts, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Question 10

Children master the cardinality counting principle by the age of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children master the cardinality counting principle by...

Question 11

Numbrinia can count big numbers. To add 42 and 21, she takes apart the numbers, adding four tens to two tens to get six tens, then adding two ones and one to get three ones, and then putting together the tens and ones to get 63, the total. This is the ____ counting strategy.

Accepted Answer

Numbrinia used decomposition strategy, where she broke down each number into tens and ones and then added them separately to get the sum.

Question 12

When counting, the total is the highest number reached. This is known as the ____ principle.

Accepted Answer

The principle of cardinality states that the final number we count represents the total number of objects in a set. For example, if we count five apples, then the cardinality of the set of apples is five.

Question 13

Research on metacognition reveals children are

Accepted Answer

Metacognition involves thinking about one's own thinking processes, which implies an active role in one's development. Children, as they grow and learn, actively engage with their environment and their own cognitive processes to understand and navigate the world around them.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a strength of the information-processing approach?

Accepted Answer

The information-processing approach does not provide a coherent, holistic picture of the development of cognition. Instead, it focuses on specific processes and components of cognition.

Question 15

The cardinality principle of counting states that

Accepted Answer

The cardinality principle states that the last number name said when counting objects represents the total number of objects in the set.

Question 16

The developmental trend about counting on one's fingers is that it

Accepted Answer

The developmental trend about counting on one's fingers is that it is used less often as mathematical skills are acquired. As individuals become more proficient in math, they rely less on using their fingers to count and begin to rely more on mental calculation. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 17

Paige knows that 5 + 7 = 12 without even thinking about it. Paige is using

Accepted Answer

Fact retrieval is the ability to recall basic arithmetic facts from long-term memory without having to use counting or other strategies to derive the answer. Paige knows the fact that 5 + 7 = 12 without needing to use any other strategies, which indicates that she is using fact retrieval. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 18

INFORMATION PROCESSING is to PIAGET as _____ is to _____.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory emphasizes the qualitative changes in cognitive development, whereas information processing theory focuses on quantitative changes in information processing abilities. Therefore, A) Quantitative; Qualitative is the best choice.

Question 19

Unschooled children are more likely to solve mathematical problems correctly

Accepted Answer

Unschooled children tend to have better problem-solving skills when mathematical problems are presented to them in real-life contexts, as they are more likely to have experienced situations where they needed to use math to solve a problem in their daily lives. This approach is more practical and applicable to their everyday living.

Question 20

When a child is using a min strategy, the reaction time for addition problems should _____ as the size of the smaller of two numbers in the arithmetic problem _____.

Accepted Answer

The min strategy in arithmetic involves identifying the smaller of two numbers in a problem and counting up from there. As the size of the smaller number increases, the counting process becomes longer, leading to an increase in reaction time.

Quiz 7: Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives