Question 1

Children of which racial/ethnic group tend to equal or exceed the scores of Caucasians on IQ tests?

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that Asian American children tend to score equal to or higher than Caucasian children on IQ tests. However, it is important to note that intelligence cannot be fully measured by IQ tests, which may be culturally biased.

Question 2

Which statement on IQ score distributions is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Research has shown that there is no inherent difference in IQ scores between racial or ethnic groups, and any observed differences can be attributed to environmental and social factors rather than genetics or biology. Additionally, suggesting that one racial or ethnic group "excels" over others perpetuates harmful and unfounded stereotypes.

Question 3

The motivational factor in IQ testing refers to how

Accepted Answer

The motivational factor in IQ testing refers to how determined and focused a child is during the test to achieve a high score. This can affect the outcome of the test, as a child who is highly motivated to succeed may perform better than a child who is not as motivated, even if they have similar levels of intelligence.

Question 4

____ IQ tests are prepared to minimize cultural biases.

Accepted Answer

Culture-fair IQ tests are designed to minimize cultural biases by using items that are presumed to be equally familiar to people from different cultures. These tests do not rely on the knowledge of language, specific cultural contexts, or experiences that may give an advantage to individuals from certain backgrounds. Instead, they assess cognitive abilities that are assumed to be universal, such as spatial skills or logical reasoning. The goal is to provide a more accurate measure of inherent intelligence that is not confounded by external factors.

Question 5

What is done to make culture-fair tests fair?

Accepted Answer

To make culture-fair tests fair, item content is chosen to be equally unfamiliar to children of various racial/ethnic groups. This ensures that the test does not contain culturally biased questions or content that may favor one group over the other. Options A, B, and C do not necessarily make the test culture-fair.

Question 6

Negative stereotypes tend to lower IQ test performance

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that negative stereotypes can significantly lower the IQ test performance of stigmatized racial minorities, such as African Americans, Latinos, and Native Americans. This phenomenon is known as stereotype threat.

Answers A, C, and D are not accurate as they do not reflect the specific impact of negative stereotypes on IQ test performance.

Question 7

Hernnstein and Murray in their book, The Bell Curve, argued that racial ethnic group differences in IQ are

Accepted Answer

Hernnstein and Murray argue that racial ethnic group differences in IQ are explained by the genetic hypothesis, meaning that these differences are due to underlying genetic differences between racial and ethnic groups. They do not suggest that IQ differences are caused by racism or that "smart pills" would reduce these differences. Additionally, they do not reference religious sources in their arguments.

Question 8

When cultural test bias is present, it would be expected to generate stronger disadvantages for

Accepted Answer

Cultural test bias refers to the phenomenon in which certain cultural groups may be disadvantaged on a test because the test measures certain knowledge or skills that are more prevalent in one culture than in another. Therefore, foreigners who may not be as familiar with the cultural norms and values underlying the test are likely to experience a stronger disadvantage than native-born individuals. The other options (men vs. women, younger vs. older children, underweight vs. overweight adults) are not directly related to the concept of cultural test bias.

Question 9

Which of these is most likely to promote high performance by African-American children on intelligence tests?

Accepted Answer

Labeling the test as a nonevaluative exercise can help reduce the anxiety and pressure on African-American children, allowing them to perform to the best of their ability without being hindered by stereotypes or negative expectations. This can lead to higher performance on intelligence tests. Motivating through maximizing stereotype threat, enrolling in remedial programs with minimal low goals, or promoting competition with Caucasians are all potentially harmful and counterproductive approaches.

Question 10

Which of these is NOT among the several hypotheses that have been offered to explain ethnic/social class differences in IQ?

Accepted Answer

The disease/general health hypothesis is not one of the several hypotheses that have been offered to explain ethnic/social class differences in IQ. The other three options are common hypotheses: 
- The cultural test bias hypothesis suggests that IQ tests are culturally biased and may favor certain groups over others.
- The environmental hypothesis suggests that differences in IQ may be due to differences in environmental factors, such as access to education, nutrition, and resources.
- The genetic hypothesis suggests that differences in IQ may be partly due to genetic factors that are more prevalent in some populations than in others.

Question 11

The ____ hypothesis for ethnic, racial, or social class differences in intelligence has the LEAST support.

Accepted Answer

The genetic hypothesis for ethnic, racial, or social class differences in intelligence has the least support. Research has repeatedly shown that there are no significant genetic differences in intelligence between different ethnic or racial groups. Intelligence is a complex trait that is influenced by a variety of factors, including both environmental and genetic factors, but there is no evidence that genetics play a significant role in differences in intelligence between different groups.

Question 12

Which slogan best describes the relationship of social class with IQ?

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown a positive correlation between social class and IQ, with individuals from wealthier families generally scoring higher on IQ tests. This slogan reflects that relationship.

Question 13

Suppose that an IQ test were developed for one ethnic group, yet people of a foreign culture actually excelled on the test, doing better than all others. This result would ____ the cultural test-bias hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

If people of a foreign culture excel on an IQ test developed for one ethnic group, it suggests that cultural test-bias hypothesis is contradicted. This is because cultural test-bias hypothesis states that IQ tests are biased towards one culture and hence people from other cultures will not perform as well. However, the fact that people from the foreign culture excel on the IQ test contradicts this hypothesis.

Question 14

When intelligence is assessed with culture-fair tests,

Accepted Answer

Culture-fair tests are designed to minimize the impact of cultural and language differences on test performance. However, despite these efforts, research has shown that disparities in test scores between different racial and ethnic groups, including Caucasian and African-American children, can still persist. This suggests that factors beyond cultural and linguistic biases in test design contribute to these differences.

Question 15

Children of these ethnic identities are similar because they do well on IQ test items measuring spatial skills:

Accepted Answer

Native Americans and Latinos are often noted for having strong spatial skills, which can be reflected in their performance on certain types of IQ test items.

Question 16

Real questions, for which the inquirer lacks the answer,

Accepted Answer

The answer of Real questions, for which the inquirer lacks...

Question 17

The social class effect on IQ applies LEAST to

Accepted Answer

The social class effect on IQ is least applicable to infants because IQ tests cannot accurately measure the intellectual abilities of infants who have not yet fully developed their cognitive abilities. Factors such as genetics, environment, and early childhood experiences are more influential in determining an infant's future intellectual and educational outcomes.

Question 18

Suppose that IQ test items' difficulty rankings were identical for Caucasians and African Americans. This would ____ the cultural test-bias hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

If the difficulty rankings of IQ test items were identical for Caucasians and African Americans, it would contradict the cultural test-bias hypothesis, which suggests that IQ tests are biased against certain cultural groups. If the test items were not biased in difficulty towards either group, it would suggest the IQ test measures cognitive abilities without bias towards race or culture.

Question 19

Research on culture-fair IQ tests shows that ethnic group differences in IQ scores

Accepted Answer

The research on culture-fair IQ tests suggests that ethnic group differences in IQ scores are not solely due to biases in the content of IQ tests. While culture-fair tests are designed to minimize cultural biases, other factors such as socio-economic status, educational opportunities, and genetics may also contribute to differences in IQ scores among different ethnic groups. Therefore, choice B is the best answer.

Question 20

Knowledge-training questions, like the question style used in IQ tests, are especially posed by whom?

Accepted Answer

The question is not related to any specific race or ethnicity, therefore, none of the options A, B or C can be determined as the correct answer. As for option D, it is the most generic out of the four options provided, and it is plausible that knowledge-training questions are posed by Caucasian parents, as well as parents of other ethnicities.

Quiz 8: Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance