Question 1

During which time period was the social status of nurses elevated and their contributions to key processes and decisions highly regarded?

Accepted Answer

During wartime, the social status of nurses was elevated and their contributions to key processes and decisions were highly regarded.

Question 2

The inclusion of which metaparadigm concept as a fundamental concept for nursing created the platform upon which to build the socially relevant thought characteristic of modern nursing scholarship?

Accepted Answer

The inclusion of environment as a fundamental concept for nursing created the platform upon which to build the socially relevant thought characteristic of modern nursing scholarship.

Question 3

Which of the following was created in recognition in the 1970s of the importance of a precise language and taxonomy in nursing?

Accepted Answer

In response to the recognition of the importance of a precise language and taxonomy in nursing in the 1970s, the North American Nursing Diagnoses Association (NANDA) was formed.

Question 4

Which following term was used to describe the first nursing clinical decision-making structure?

Accepted Answer

The first fundamental clinical decision-making structure upon which all nursing theory was built was the nursing process, first articulated by Orlando in 1961.

Question 5

As scientists across disciplines struggled with the implications of new ways of philosophizing about science, nurse leaders began to conceptualize nursing as a science in addition to being which of the following?

Accepted Answer

As scientists across disciplines struggled with the implications of new ways of philosophizing about science, nurse leaders began to conceptualize nursing as a science in addition to an art and a practice.

Question 6

What name was given to the initial conceptual frameworks that were created by early nursing scholars?

Accepted Answer

By calling the initial conceptual frameworks "nursing theories," early scholars simultaneously created a context in which nursing knowledge could be advanced and a language that legitimized nursing within the scientific community.

Question 7

Which following person is credited with formalizing the knowledge and practice of nursing into a professional context?

Accepted Answer

Florence Nightingale is often cited as the person who formalized the knowledge and practice of nursing into a professional context, popularizing nursing for the modern era.

Question 8

Which one of the following reflects an alternative paradigmatic position to general systems theory?

Accepted Answer

Simultaneity theory reflects an alternative paradigmatic position to general systems theory.

Question 9

Which reason is cited for why nurses were inhibited rather than supported in their systematic and critical thinking while implementing nursing theories?

Accepted Answer

While some nurse scholars were invested in advocating for widespread application of certain conceptual models of nursing, others began to notice that application strategies entailed rigid and codified thinking. This focus on rigid application of frameworks inhibited rather than supported systematic and critical thinking in nursing.

Question 10

Which theorist attempted to depict an irreducible abstract conceptualization of "unitary human beings"?

Accepted Answer

Rosemarie Parse (in addition to Rogers, 1970, and Watson, 1979) attempted to depict an irreducible abstract conceptualization of "unitary human beings."

Question 11

A university in which following province created the first Canadian nursing model?

Accepted Answer

The University of British Columbia, led by Dr. Margaret Campbell, created the first Canadian nursing model.

Question 12

Which following prominent nursing researcher was one of only two nurse recipients of the prestigious scientist award of the National Health Research and Development Program over a 25-year period?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Moyra Allen, of McGill University, was a prominent nursing researcher and was one of only two nurse recipients of the prestigious scientist award of the National Health Research and Development Program over a 25-year period.

Question 13

Whose early nursing leadership influenced other model builders to explicitly work with General Systems Theory in order to create models in which all aspects of the human person were understood to be in constant interaction?

Accepted Answer

In 1974, Dorothy Johnson provided the early nursing leadership that prompted other model builders to explicitly work with General Systems Theory to create models in which all aspects of the human person were understood to be in constant interaction.

Question 14

Which term was used in early conceptual frameworks to describe arrival at a conclusion based on the analysis and interpretation of health information?

Accepted Answer

On the basis of analyzing and interpreting the information, nurses arrived at a conclusion or nursing diagnosis.

Question 15

Which following method was used by early nurses to develop the capacity for nursing reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Early nurses were forced to learn nursing reasoning through reflection, trial, and error.

Quiz 6: Theoretical Issues in Nursing