Question 1

What are the reasons to avoid excessive oxygen delivery to premature infants
I.Increased risk of brain injury as a result of instability of blood vessels
II.Increased risk of brain injury as a result of overstabilization of blood vessels in germinal matrix
III.Increased retinal damage
IV.Permanent structural damage to type 1 cells in alveoli
V.Temporary structural damage to type 1 cells in alveoli
VI.Temporary structural damage to type 2 cells in alveoli

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the reasons to avoid excessive...

Question 2

What clinical evaluations need to be assessed by the registered respiratory therapist to determine whether the peak inspiratory pressure has been set adequately in an infant who has respiratory distress syndrome
I.Exhaled tidal volume is greater than 3 mL/kg and less than 8 mL/kg.
II.pH is 7.25 to 7.35 with PaCO₂ of 45 to 55 mm Hg.
III.pH is 7.45 with PaCO₂ of 50 mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

The exhaled tidal volume (I) should be assessed to ensure that the peak inspiratory pressure is not too high, which can cause lung injury in infants. Additionally, the pH and PaCO₂ levels (II) should be evaluated to ensure that the peak inspiratory pressure is not too low, which can cause inadequate ventilation and respiratory acidosis. Option III can be ruled out as a correct answer as a pH of 7.45 is not typical in respiratory distress syndrome; a pH of 7.25 to 7.35 would be expected. Therefore, options I and II are the best choices.

Question 3

What terms are synonymous with maintaining a higher PaCO₂ to help deter lung injury in an infant
I.Hypercarbia
II.Permissive hypercapnia
III.Gentle ventilation

Accepted Answer

The answer of What terms are synonymous with maintaining a...

Question 4

What strategies are used to delay premature birth
I.Bedrest
II.Antibiotics
III.Terbutaline
IV.ToColytics
V.Insertion of suture around cervix to prevent from opening
VI.CortiCosteroid therapy
VII.Breathing techniques

Accepted Answer

The answer of What strategies are used to delay premature...

Question 5

Which of the following are Complications to nasal Continuous positive airway pressure
I.Decreased cardiac output
II.Increased work of breathing
III.Decreased pulmonary vascular resistance
IV.Increased cardiac output
V.Air leak syndrome
VI.Increased pulmonary vascular resistance

Accepted Answer

Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) can lead to decreased cardiac output and increased work of breathing due to the pressure it exerts on the chest cavity. It can also cause air leak syndrome due to the positive pressure potentially forcing air into spaces where it shouldn't be. Increased pulmonary vascular resistance can occur as a result of the pressure effects on the pulmonary vasculature.

Question 6

High-frequency jet ventilation is an independent mode of ventilation allowing effective ventilation and oxygenation at higher airway resistance than high frequency oscillatory ventilation.

Accepted Answer

High-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) are both high-frequency ventilation techniques, but HFJV is not specifically superior to HFOV in terms of effectiveness at higher airway resistance; their applicability depends on the clinical scenario and patient condition.

Question 7

A decrease in servo pressure in high-frequency jet ventilation is an indication of what
I.Increase in lung Compliance
II.Obstructed endotracheal tube
III.Secretions in the airway
VI.Readiness for weaning of positive pressures

Accepted Answer

A decrease in servo pressure in high-frequency jet ventilation is an indication of obstructed endotracheal tube and secretions in the airway.

Question 8

A neonate should not be suctioned prior to the installation of surfactant.

Accepted Answer

Suctioning a neonate prior to the administration of surfactant can be necessary to clear the airways, ensuring the surfactant can be distributed evenly throughout the lungs for maximum effectiveness.

Question 9

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is a closed system that helps recruit Collapsed alveoli, maintain functional residual capacity, and improve oxygenation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is a closed...

Question 10

The germinal matrix has a fragile network of capillaries within the brain that are prone to rupture.What physiological changes can cause inadequate blood flow to the brain resulting in cerebral palsy
I.Rapid change in PaCO₂
II.Rapid change in blood volume
III.Rapid change in blood pressure

Accepted Answer

Rapid changes in PaCO₂, blood volume, and blood pressure can all lead to inadequate blood flow to the brain. This can result in damage to the brain's fragile structures, such as the germinal matrix, potentially leading to cerebral palsy.

Question 11

During mechanical ventilation, functional residual capacity is adequately maintained when a chest radiograph reveals:

Accepted Answer

Lung inflation to the ninth posterior rib above the level of the diaphragm on a chest radiograph indicates adequate lung inflation and maintenance of functional residual capacity during mechanical ventilation.

Question 12

During high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, what parameter needs to be adjusted to change ventilation
I.I-time
II.Mean airway pressure
III.ΔP
IV.Hz

Accepted Answer

ΔP (amplitude) and Hz (frequency) are the parameters adjusted to change ventilation in high-frequency oscillatory ventilation.

Question 13

What neonatal ventilation value is most closely determined by peak inspiratory pressure

Accepted Answer

The peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) is closely related to the tidal volume delivered during ventilation. As PIP increases, the tidal volume also increases. Therefore, option A is the most closely determined by PIP. Respiratory rate is more closely related to the frequency of breaths delivered, whereas minute ventilation is determined by both tidal volume and respiratory rate. ΔP is not a commonly used abbreviation in neonatal ventilation and does not specifically correlate to any particular value.

Question 14

Which of the following is not an indication for extubation in a neonate

Accepted Answer

Continuous positive airway pressure short trial without hypoxemia (SpO₂ is less than 85%) and an increase in FiO₂ is not an indication for extubation in a neonate. A decrease in FiO₂ indicates improved oxygenation and hence an indication for extubation.

Quiz 4: Respiratory Distress Syndrome

What terms are synonymous with maintaining a higher PaCO₂ to help deter lung injury in an infant I.Hypercarbia II.Permissive hypercapnia III.Gentle ventilation

What strategies are used to delay premature birth I.Bedrest II.Antibiotics III.Terbutaline IV.ToColytics V.Insertion of suture around cervix to prevent from opening VI.CortiCosteroid therapy VII.Breathing techniques

Which of the following are Complications to nasal Continuous positive airway pressure I.Decreased cardiac output II.Increased work of breathing III.Decreased pulmonary vascular resistance IV.Increased cardiac output V.Air leak syndrome VI.Increased pulmonary vascular resistance

High-frequency jet ventilation is an independent mode of ventilation allowing effective ventilation and oxygenation at higher airway resistance than high frequency oscillatory ventilation.

A decrease in servo pressure in high-frequency jet ventilation is an indication of what I.Increase in lung Compliance II.Obstructed endotracheal tube III.Secretions in the airway VI.Readiness for weaning of positive pressures

A neonate should not be suctioned prior to the installation of surfactant.

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is a closed system that helps recruit Collapsed alveoli, maintain functional residual capacity, and improve oxygenation.

The germinal matrix has a fragile network of capillaries within the brain that are prone to rupture.What physiological changes can cause inadequate blood flow to the brain resulting in cerebral palsy I.Rapid change in PaCO₂ II.Rapid change in blood volume III.Rapid change in blood pressure

During mechanical ventilation, functional residual capacity is adequately maintained when a chest radiograph reveals:

During high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, what parameter needs to be adjusted to change ventilation I.I-time II.Mean airway pressure III.ΔP IV.Hz

What neonatal ventilation value is most closely determined by peak inspiratory pressure

Which of the following is not an indication for extubation in a neonate