Question 1

At what age is sexual development in boys and girls considered to be precocious?
A)Boys,11 years;girls,9 years
B)Boys,12 years;girls,10 years
C)Boys,9 years;girls,8 years
D)Boys,10 years;girls,9.5 years

Accepted Answer

Manifestations of sexual development before age 9 in boys and age 8 in girls is considered precocious and should be investigated. Boys older than 9 years of age and girls older than 8 years of age fall within the expected range of pubertal onset.

Question 2

A child with growth hormone (GH) deficiency is receiving GH therapy. The best time for the GH to be administered is:
A)At bedtime.
B)After meals.
C)Before meals.
D)On arising in the morning.

Accepted Answer

Injections are best given at bedtime to more closely approximate the physiologic release of GH. Before or after meals and on arising in the morning are times that do not mimic the physiologic release of the hormone.

Question 3

A parent asks the nurse why self-monitoring of blood glucose is being recommended for her child with diabetes. The nurse should base the explanation on knowing that:
A)It is a less expensive method of testing.
B)It is not as accurate as laboratory testing.
C)Children are better able to manage the diabetes.
D)The parents are better able to manage the disease.

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose self-management has improved diabetes management and can be used successfully by children from the time of diagnosis. Insulin dosages can be adjusted based on blood sugar results. Blood glucose monitoring is more expensive but provides improved management. It is as accurate as equivalent testing done in laboratories. The ability to self-test allows the child to balance diet,exercise,and insulin. The parents are partners in the process,but the child should be taught how to manage the disease.

Question 4

Hyperglycemia associated with diabetic ketoacidosis is defined as a blood glucose measurement equal to or greater than:
A)185 mg/dl
B)220 mg/dl
C)280 mg/dl
D)330 mg/dl

Accepted Answer

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a state of relative insulin insufficiency and may include the presence of hyperglycemia (i.e.,blood glucose level greater than or equal to 330 mg/dl). The values of 185 mg/dl,220 mg/dl,and 280 mg/dl are too low to define ketoacidosis.

Question 5

A condition that can result if hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) occurs after epiphyseal closure is:
A)Dwarfism.
B)Acromegaly.
C)Gigantism.
D)Cretinism.

Accepted Answer

Excess GH after closure of the epiphyseal plates results in acromegaly. Dwarfism is the condition of being abnormally small. Gigantism occurs when there is hypersecretion of GH before the closure of the epiphyseal plates. Cretinism is associated with hypothyroidism.

Question 6

Exophthalmos (protruding eyeballs) may occur in children with:
A)Hypothyroidism.
B)Hyperthyroidism.
C)Hypoparathyroidism.
D)Hyperparathyroidism.

Accepted Answer

Exophthalmos is a clinical manifestation of hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism,hypoparathyroidism,and hyperparathyroidism are not associated with exophthalmos.

Question 7

A child will start treatment for precocious puberty. This involves injections of synthetic:
A)Thyrotropin.
B)Gonadotropins.
C)Somatotropic hormone.
D)Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.

Accepted Answer

Precocious puberty of central origin is treated with monthly subcutaneous injections of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Thyrotropin,gonadotropin,and somatotropic hormone are not appropriate therapies for precocious puberty.

Question 8

A child with hypoparathyroidism is receiving vitamin D therapy. The parents should be advised to watch for which sign of vitamin D toxicity?
A)Headache and seizures
B)Physical restlessness and voracious appetite without weight gain
C)Weakness and lassitude
D)Anorexia and insomnia

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D toxicity can be a serious consequence of therapy. Parents are advised to watch for signs including weakness,fatigue,lassitude,headache,nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea. Renal impairment is manifested through polyuria,polydipsia,and nocturia. Headaches may be a sign of vitamin D toxicity,but seizures are not. Physical restlessness and a voracious appetite with weight loss are manifestations of hyperthyroidism. Anorexia and insomnia are not characteristic of vitamin D toxicity.

Question 9

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is suspected in an adolescent. Which clinical manifestation may be present?
A)Moist skin
B)Weight gain
C)Fluid overload
D)Poor wound healing

Accepted Answer

Recurrent urinary tract and vaginal infections,especially with Candida albicans,are often an early sign of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Dry skin,weight loss,and dehydration are clinical manifestations of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Question 10

Chronic adrenocortical insufficiency is also referred to as:
A)Graves' disease.
B)Addison's disease.
C)Cushing syndrome.
D)Hashimoto's disease.

Accepted Answer

Addison's disease is chronic adrenocortical insufficiency. Graves' and Hashimoto's diseases involve the thyroid gland. Cushing's syndrome is a result of excessive circulation of free cortisol.

Question 11

The nurse is caring for a child with suspected diabetes insipidus. Which clinical manifestation would he or she expect to observe?
A)Oliguria
B)Glycosuria
C)Nausea and vomiting
D)Polyuria and polydipsia

Accepted Answer

Excessive urination accompanied by insatiable thirst is the primary clinical manifestation of diabetes. These symptoms may be so severe that the child does little other than drink and urinate. Oliguria is decreased urine production and is not associated with diabetes insipidus. Glycosuria is associated with diabetes mellitus. Nausea and vomiting are associated with inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.

Question 12

Glucocorticoids,mineralocorticoids,and sex steroids are secreted by the:
A)Thyroid gland.
B)Parathyroid glands.
C)Adrenal cortex.
D)Anterior pituitary.

Accepted Answer

These hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex. The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormone and thyrocalcitonin. The parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone. The anterior pituitary produces hormones such as growth hormone,thyroid-stimulating hormone,adrenocorticotropic hormone,gonadotropin,prolactin,and melanocyte-stimulating hormone.

Question 13

A common clinical manifestation of juvenile hypothyroidism is:
A)Insomnia.
B)Diarrhea.
C)Dry skin.
D)Accelerated growth.

Accepted Answer

Dry skin,mental decline,and myxedematous skin changes are associated with juvenile hypothyroidism. Children with hypothyroidism are usually sleepy. Constipation is associated with hypothyroidism. Decelerated growth is common in juvenile hypothyroidism.

Question 14

What is considered a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus?
A)Nausea
B)Seizures
C)Impaired vision
D)Frequent urination

Accepted Answer

Hallmarks of diabetes mellitus are glycosuria,polyuria,and polydipsia. Nausea and seizures are not clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus. Impaired vision is a long-term complication of the disease.

Question 15

What is characteristic of the immune-mediated type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A)Ketoacidosis is infrequent.
B)Onset is gradual.
C)Age at onset is usually younger than 18 years.
D)Oral agents are often effective for treatment.

Accepted Answer

The immune-mediated type 1 diabetes mellitus typically has its onset in children or young adults. Peak incidence is between the ages of 10 and 15 years. Infrequent ketoacidosis,gradual onset,and treatment with oral agents are more consistent with type 2 diabetes.

Question 16

Diabetes insipidus is a disorder of the:
A)Anterior pituitary.
B)Posterior pituitary.
C)Adrenal cortex.
D)Adrenal medulla.

Accepted Answer

The principal disorder of posterior pituitary hypofunction is diabetes insipidus. The anterior pituitary produces hormones such as growth hormone,thyroid-stimulating hormone,adrenocorticotropic hormone,gonadotropin,prolactin,and melanocyte-stimulating hormone. The adrenal cortex produces aldosterone,sex hormones,and glucocorticoids. The adrenal medulla produces catecholamines.

Question 17

A goiter is an enlargement or hypertrophy of which gland?
A)Thyroid
B)Adrenal
C)Anterior pituitary
D)Posterior pituitary

Accepted Answer

A goiter is an enlargement or hypertrophy of the thyroid gland. Goiter is not associated with the adrenals or the anterior and posterior pituitaries.

Question 18

The nurse is teaching the parents of a child who is receiving propylthiouracil for the treatment of hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease). Which statement made by the parent indicates a correct understanding of the teaching?
A)"I would expect my child to gain weight while taking this medication."
B)"I would expect my child to experience episodes of ear pain while taking this medication."
C)"If my child develops a sore throat and fever,I should contact the physician immediately."
D)"If my child develops the stomach flu,my child will need to be hospitalized."

Accepted Answer

Children being treated with propylthiouracil must be carefully monitored for the side effects of the drug. Parents must be alerted that sore throat and fever accompany the grave complication of leukopenia. These symptoms should be immediately reported. Weight gain,episodes of ear pain,and stomach flu are not usually associated with leukopenia.

Question 19

A neonate born with ambiguous genitalia is diagnosed with congenital adrenogenital hyperplasia. Therapeutic management includes administration of:
A)Vitamin D.
B)Cortisone.
C)Stool softeners.
D)Calcium carbonate.

Accepted Answer

The most common biochemical defect with congenital adrenal hyperplasia is partial or complete 21-hydroxylase deficiency. With complete deficiency,insufficient amounts of aldosterone and cortisol are produced so circulatory collapse occurs without immediate replacement. Vitamin D,stool softeners,and calcium carbonate have no role in the therapy of adrenogenital hyperplasia.

Question 20

Which statement best describes hypopituitarism?
A)Growth is normal during the first 3 years of life.
B)Weight is usually more retarded than height.
C)Skeletal proportions are normal for age.
D)Most of these children have subnormal intelligence.

Accepted Answer

In children with hypopituitarism the skeletal proportions are normal. Growth is within normal limits for the first year of life. Height is usually more delayed than weight. Intelligence is not affected by hypopituitarism.

Quiz 52: Endocrine Dysfunction

At what age is sexual development in boys and girls considered to be precocious?

A child with growth hormone (GH) deficiency is receiving GH therapy. The best time for the GH to be administered is:

A parent asks the nurse why self-monitoring of blood glucose is being recommended for her child with diabetes. The nurse should base the explanation on knowing that:

Hyperglycemia associated with diabetic ketoacidosis is defined as a blood glucose measurement equal to or greater than:

A condition that can result if hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) occurs after epiphyseal closure is:

Exophthalmos (protruding eyeballs) may occur in children with:

A child will start treatment for precocious puberty. This involves injections of synthetic:

A child with hypoparathyroidism is receiving vitamin D therapy. The parents should be advised to watch for which sign of vitamin D toxicity?

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is suspected in an adolescent. Which clinical manifestation may be present?

Chronic adrenocortical insufficiency is also referred to as:

The nurse is caring for a child with suspected diabetes insipidus. Which clinical manifestation would he or she expect to observe?

Glucocorticoids,mineralocorticoids,and sex steroids are secreted by the:

A common clinical manifestation of juvenile hypothyroidism is:

What is considered a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus?

What is characteristic of the immune-mediated type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Diabetes insipidus is a disorder of the:

A goiter is an enlargement or hypertrophy of which gland?

The nurse is teaching the parents of a child who is receiving propylthiouracil for the treatment of hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease) . Which statement made by the parent indicates a correct understanding of the teaching?

A neonate born with ambiguous genitalia is diagnosed with congenital adrenogenital hyperplasia. Therapeutic management includes administration of:

Which statement best describes hypopituitarism?