Question 1

Covert observation is observation carried out covertly or secretly.

Accepted Answer

Covert observation is defined as observing individuals or groups without their knowledge or consent, making it a secretive or sneaky process.

Question 2

In probability sampling the sample is drawn from a list known as:

Accepted Answer

In probability sampling, the sample is drawn from a sampling frame, which is a list of individuals or items that could potentially be selected for the sample. Therefore, the best choice is D, the sampling frame. Choices A, B, and C are not accurate or specific enough to indicate the list from which the sample is drawn.

Question 3

Research conducted on an entire population is known as:

Accepted Answer

Research conducted on an entire population is known as a census. A survey is a research method used to gather information from a sample of a population. A case study is an in-depth analysis of a single individual, group or event. An experiment is a research method where a researcher manipulates one or more variables to observe the effect on another variable.

Question 4

The methodological framework contains an account of:

Accepted Answer

The methodological framework includes all the ways and means by which the research was carried out, such as research design, data collection procedures, data analysis methods, and ethical considerations. The literature review and research diary may be included as supporting documents within the framework, but they are not the main components of it. The problems encountered during the research may also be included under the ethical considerations section, but they do not make up the entire framework.

Question 5

Data Collection methods, research populations and samples and sampling methods are fundamental elements of:

Accepted Answer

Data collection methods, research populations and samples, and sampling methods are all part of the practical, procedural aspect of conducting research. These elements are concerned with how the study will be carried out, how the data will be collected, and how the sample will be chosen. Therefore, they are part of the methodological framework of the research. The other options such as the conceptual framework and theoretical framework are more concerned with the ideas and concepts that guide the research, while the analytical framework refers to the methods used to analyze the data collected.

Question 6

Data gathering methods are:

Accepted Answer

Data gathering methods refer to the means by which data is collected for a research project. It is important to choose appropriate data gathering methods based on the research question and the type of data needed. Theoretical framework, data analysis, and deciding on the research project itself are all important aspects of research, but they are not specifically related to data gathering methods.

Question 7

Visual methods involves the analysis of visual images. Any kind of visual images can be used, maps, charts, photographs, drawings, paintings, cartoons, videos and films and so on. The researcher can gather visual images or s/he can create visual images, or they can ask participants in the research to give visual images to the research project or to create visual images for the research project.

Accepted Answer

Visual methods can involve the use of various types of visual images and the researcher can either gather or create them or have participants contribute them.

Question 8

Simple random sampling:

Accepted Answer

Simple random sampling is a type of probability sampling technique that involves selecting a sample from a larger population in a random manner. It does not require a sampling frame and is commonly used in academic research projects. Cluster sampling is different from simple random sampling as it involves dividing the population into clusters and selecting a random sample of clusters instead of individual units.

Question 9

The researcher must decide whether to work with the entire population of the study or to work with a:

Accepted Answer

Working with the entire population of the study may not always be feasible due to practical considerations such as time, resources, and cost. Therefore, working with a sample of the population can provide sufficient data that can be used to make generalizations about the whole population. However, it is important to ensure that the sample is representative of the population and that a sufficient sample size is chosen to ensure accuracy and reliability of the results.

Question 10

The population of the study is:

Accepted Answer

The population of the study refers to all of the individual, items or units which will be drawn on to produce data collection within the study.

Question 11

Simple random sampling involves:

Accepted Answer

Simple random sampling involves selecting a sample at random from a sampling frame, where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. This method is widely used in research and is preferred for its unbiased and representative nature. Sampling in clusters (A) involves selecting groups or clusters of individuals, while judgemental sampling (B) involves selecting individuals based on their knowledge or expertise in a particular field. Snowball sampling (D) involves asking initial participants to recommend other participants, and is often used in situations where the population is difficult to identify or access.

Question 12

The methodological framework of the research project is comprised of:

Accepted Answer

The methodological framework of a research project should include an account of all the ways and means by which the research was carried out, including the methods, data collection techniques, and analysis procedures. This information is important for other researchers who may want to replicate or build upon the study. The other options listed (B, C, D) are relevant components of a research project, but they do not fully capture the methodological framework.

Question 13

Online questionnaires are questionnaires which are administered online. Such questionnaires can be sent to respondents via e-mail, or respondents can be sent a link to the questionnaire which can be uploaded to a website, and invited to respond to the questionnaire. Response rates can be a substantial issue using online questionnaires.

Accepted Answer

Response rates are often lower in online questionnaires compared to other methods such as phone or paper-based surveys.

Question 14

Projective techniques are used to explore people's instinctive responses to stimuli, stimuli such as, for example, advertising campaigns. Projective techniques are indirect ways of exploring attitudes.

Accepted Answer

Projective techniques are indeed used to indirectly explore people's attitudes and instinctive responses to stimuli, such as advertising campaigns.

Question 15

The basic rule of probability is that:

Accepted Answer

The basic rule of probability is that each member of the population has an equal probability of being selected for inclusion in the sample. This is also known as random sampling. Option A and B are not correct as they are not statistical concepts. Option D is not a complete explanation of the basic rule of probability.

Question 16

Online interviews can be synchronous, in real time, using a chat room or a using conferencing software or asynchronous, outside of real time, using e-mail or message boards or discussion boards and so on.

Accepted Answer

Online interviews can be conducted both synchronously and asynchronously through various methods.

Question 17

The population can be comprised of:

Accepted Answer

The population can be comprised of various entities such as individuals, groups, organizations, documents, campaigns, incidents, and so on. It depends on the nature and scope of the study. Therefore, option D is the best choice. The other options, such as A, B and C, are limited to only human beings and may not be applicable for all research studies.

Question 18

The population of the research is also called:

Accepted Answer

In research terminology, the population refers to the entire group of individuals or instances about whom the research is focused. The term "Universe" is used synonymously with population in this context, indicating the total scope or extent of the study, rather than referring to the astronomical universe.

Question 19

The concept of representation relates to the degree to which:

Accepted Answer

The concept of representation in research refers to the extent to which a sample selected from a population can be considered representative of that population. This is important because it influences the generalizability of the findings and the ability to make inferences about the population based on the data obtained from the sample. A research study with a representative sample is less likely to suffer from selection bias and will enhance the external validity of the study. The other options are incorrect because they do not accurately capture the meaning of representation in research.

Question 20

One key reason why the researcher defines the population of the study is in order to:

Accepted Answer

Defining the population of the study helps in limiting the scope of the study to a specific group of individuals or entities. This ensures that the research remains focused and manageable, and that the results can be generalized to the particular population being studied. It does not necessarily relate to writing, calling, or demonstrating hard work.

Quiz 8: Understanding Research Methods, Populations and Sampling