Question 1

Name the numerous short projections that extend from the cell surface and are used for locomotion.

Accepted Answer

By definition,cilia are short projections extending from the cell surface and are used for locomotion,whereas flagella are longer projections used for locomotion.Mitochondria are cellular organelles responsible for electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation.Phospholipids are polar molecules that form the plasma membrane.

Question 2

The function of a cell wall is to:

Accepted Answer

The plasma membrane regulates the transport of macromolecules in and out of the cell,not the cell wall.The mitochondria provide energy to the eukaryotic cell.Cell walls are not able to protect a eukaryotic cell from predators.

Question 3

Prokaryotic cells have which the following structures in their cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

All the structures listed are found in eukaryotic cells,but the one that only applies to prokaryotic cells is the ribosome.

Question 4

To survive,microbial inhabitants have learned to adapt by varying all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The chapter begins by discussing the way microbial inhabitants have had to evolve to survive in many different niches and habitats.It discusses slow growers,rapid growers,and replication with scarce or abundant nutrients,under different atmospheric conditions,temperature requirements,and cell structure.Bacterial shape as a form of evolution is not discussed.

Question 5

A microbiology technologist performs a traditional bacterial stain on a colony from a wound culture that is suspected to contain bacteria from the genus Clostridium.The unstained areas in the bacterial cell observed by the technologist are called:

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are small circular areas used for protein synthesis that are not visible on a traditional stain.Cilia are short projections on the outside of the plasma membrane used for locomotion.Mitochondria are cellular organelles used for energy production.

Question 6

All of the following statements are true about viruses EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Viruses need to have a host cell because they do not have the ability to reproduce or nourish themselves without the host's cellular mechanisms.

Question 7

In the laboratory,the clinical microbiologist is responsible for all the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Clinical microbiologists never select treatment for patients.They provide the doctor with the name of the organism and the antibiotics that can kill the bacteria,but never a final selection of treatment protocols.

Question 8

What structure is a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins and cholesterol that regulates the amount of chemicals that pass in and out of a cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell wall is the outer covering made up of lipids.The mitochondria is a cellular organelle that is considered the powerhouse of the cell (electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation occurs here).The endoplasmic reticulum is a cellular organelle where protein synthesis occurs.

Question 9

Who was considered the father of protozoology and bacteriology?

Accepted Answer

The book discusses Anton van Leeuwenhoek as the inventor of the microscope and the first person to see the "beasties." So they dubbed him the father of protozoology and bacteriology.The other three individuals were not discussed.

Question 10

A clinical laboratory scientist is working on the bench,reading plates,and notices that a culture has both a unicellular form and a filamentous form.What type of organism exhibits these forms?

Accepted Answer

Viruses only have one form,so it cannot be a virus.Bacteria have two forms,a vegetative and spore form,so it cannot be a bacterium.Parasites also have two forms,trophozoite and cyst,so it cannot be a parasite.It has to be fungi.

Question 11

Why is the interior of the plasma membrane potentially impermeable to water-soluble molecules?

Accepted Answer

The plasma membrane is designed so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecules are positioned to make contact with the intra- and extracellular fluids.The hydrophobic tails of the phospholipid molecules face away from the fluids and form the interior of the plasma membrane.The tails of the phospholipid molecules are hydrophobic,not hydrophilic.The ion channels extend through the cellular membrane.The cholesterol molecules also extend through the plasma membrane.

Question 12

This constituent of a gram-positive cell wall absorbs crystal violet but is not dissolved by alcohol,thus giving the gram-positive cell its characteristic purple color.

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol is part of the cell wall of Mycobacterium and Nocardia spp.,but does not play a part in the Gram stain.Cholesterol is also part of the cell membrane,not the cell wall,so it does not play a part in the Gram stain.Carbolfuchsin is a stain used in bacteriology.

Question 13

Bacterial species that exhibit phenotypic differences are considered:

Accepted Answer

Biovarieties vary based on biochemical test results,serovarieties vary based on serologic test results,and phagevarieties is a fictitious word.

Question 14

A microorganism that is a unicellular organism and lacks a nuclear membrane and true nucleus is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Fungi,algae,and parasites are unicellular organisms that contain a true nucleus.

Question 15

A clinical laboratory scientist is working in a microbiology laboratory where she receives a viral culture.Should she make a smear so that she can look at the virus under the light microscope?

Accepted Answer

Viruses are so small that they cannot be viewed under an ordinary light microscope or a phase-contrast microscope.The only microscope that can visualize a virus is an electron microscope.

Question 16

What enables the microbiologist to select the correct media for primary culture and optimize the chance of isolating a pathogenic organism?

Accepted Answer

The other three choices are used to identify a bacterium once it has grown on media.By understanding growth requirements,a microbiologist can maximize the chance of the organism being isolated from a culture.

Question 17

Mycobacteria have a gram-positive cell wall structure with a waxy layer containing these two compounds.

Accepted Answer

Glycolipids are a part of the waxy layer,but phospholipids are part of the plasma membrane.Mycolic acid is a part of the waxy layer,but lipopolysaccharides are part of a gram-negative cell wall.Lipopolysaccharides are part of a gram-negative wall,and phospholipids are part of a plasma membrane.

Question 18

This type of chromosomal DNA is found in eukaryotic cells.

Accepted Answer

Circular and plasmid DNA is found in bacteria,not eukaryotic cells.Colloid is a protein molecule,not a nucleotide.

Question 19

The nuclear membrane in prokaryotes is:

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells do not have any membrane bound structures in the cytoplasm including a structured nucleus.Nuclear membranes are never impenetrable because mRNA templates must be able to pass out of the nucleus into the endoplasmic reticulum.The cellular membrane is a lipid bilayer.A classic membrane is a vague term that is not descriptive.

Question 20

Diagnostic microbiologists emphasize placement and naming of bacterial species into all the following categories EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Clinical microbiologists use the family,genus,and species taxonomic categories to identify species that are important for diagnostic diseases.

Quiz 1: Bacterial Cell Structure, physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics