Question 1

In the context of the different techniques used by an inference engine to manipulate a series of rules in _________,a series of "if-then-else" condition pairs is performed.

Accepted Answer

Forward chaining is a technique used by the inference engine to manipulate a series of rules. It is also known as data-driven reasoning. In forward chaining, a series of "if-then-else" condition pairs is performed to reach a conclusion. In other words, it starts with the available data or facts and applies rules iteratively to derive new facts or conclusions.

Question 2

_________ are used when data is fuzzy and uncertainty is involved.

Accepted Answer

Artificial neural networks are best suited for situations when data is uncertain and fuzzy. They are modeled after the human brain and have the ability to learn from past experiences, making them ideal for tasks such as pattern recognition and prediction. Virtual reality simulations and expert systems are better suited for tasks where data is more concrete and deterministic, while genetic algorithms are used for optimization problems.

Question 3

A _________ system provides a question-and-answer setting that is more natural and easier for people to use than a graphical user interface (GUI).

Accepted Answer

Natural-language processing allows users to interact with the system using natural language instead of having to navigate through menus and icons in a GUI. This makes the system more intuitive and user-friendly. Data mining and transaction-processing systems are unrelated to providing natural-language interaction. Data abstraction refers to the process of simplifying complex information, and is also not related to natural-language interaction.

Question 4

Identify a benefit of integrating an expert system into the database component of a DSS.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify a benefit of integrating an expert...

Question 5

Adding deductive reasoning to traditional DBMS functions is a benefit of integrating an expert system into the database component of a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

Integrating an expert system into a Decision Support System (DSS) can provide added deductive reasoning capabilities to traditional DBMS functions. A DSS is designed to help users make decisions based on data analysis, making it a natural fit for expert system integration. VR, GPS, and NLP are not typically used for database management or decision support.

Question 6

Which of the following is true of integrating an expert system into the database component of a DSS?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 7

In the context of integrating artificial intelligence technologies into a decision support system's model base component,_____ can be added to include heuristics in the model base's analysis capabilities.

Accepted Answer

Expert systems, also known as knowledge-based systems, are designed to emulate the decision-making abilities of a human expert. They incorporate rules and heuristics based on expert knowledge to analyze and interpret data within the model base, thus enhancing the decision support system's capabilities. Database management systems, information systems, and virtual reality systems do not directly add heuristics to the model base component.

Question 8

_________ algorithms are search algorithms that mimic the process of natural evolution.They are used to generate solutions to optimization and search problems using such techniques as mutation,selection,crossover,and chromosome.

Accepted Answer

Genetic algorithms are a type of evolutionary algorithm that mimic the process of natural evolution, using techniques like mutation, selection, crossover, and chromosome representation to solve optimization and search problems.

Question 9

_________ allows a smooth,gradual transition between human and computer vocabularies and deals with variations in linguistic terms by using a degree of membership.

Accepted Answer

Fuzzy logic is a mathematical framework that allows for uncertainty and imprecision in data. It can be used to bridge the gap between human and computer vocabularies by assigning degrees of membership to linguistic terms. This degree of membership allows for a smoother and more gradual transition between these vocabularies. Fuzzy logic is often used in natural language processing and expert systems.

Question 10

Learning capabilities can be added to a decision support system (DSS)by integrating it with a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

Integrating a DSS with an artificial neural network can add learning capabilities to the system. Artificial neural networks are a type of AI that can learn from data, identify patterns, and make predictions based on that learning. By integrating an artificial neural network with a DSS, the system can become more intelligent and better equipped to make informed decisions based on data. Expert systems, database management libraries, and intelligent agents can provide other valuable capabilities to a DSS, but they do not necessarily add learning capabilities.

Question 11

In the context of the components of a typical expert system,a _________ is a software package with manual or automated methods for acquiring and incorporating new rules and facts so that the expert system is capable of growth.

Accepted Answer

The description matches the knowledge acquisition facility, which is responsible for helping the expert system acquire new knowledge and expand its capabilities. The knowledge base is where the expert system stores its knowledge, monitoring and surveillance agents are typically used for security or monitoring purposes, and personal agents are designed to assist with tasks and activities specific to the user.

Question 12

In the context of the types of decision-making analyses,the _________ analysis is commonly used in transaction-processing systems and management information systems.

Accepted Answer

The "what-is" analysis, also known as descriptive analysis, is commonly used in transaction-processing systems and management information systems. This type of analysis focuses on describing what is happening currently rather than predicting future outcomes or considering alternative scenarios (which are the focus of other types of decision-making analyses). Examples of what-is analyses include generating reports on sales data or inventory levels.

Question 13

_________ reasoning is a problem-solving technique that matches a new case with a previously solved case and its solution.

Accepted Answer

Case-based reasoning involves solving a new problem by applying the solution from a previously solved similar case. This approach is based on the idea that similar problems have similar solutions. Hence, it is an effective problem-solving technique for complex real-world problems where the solution is not obvious.

Question 14

_____ is the component of expert system that performs tasks similar to what a human expert does by explaining to end users how recommendations are derived.

Accepted Answer

The explanation facility is responsible for explaining to the end-users how the expert system arrived at its recommendation or conclusion. It simulates the process of a human expert by providing reasoning and justifications for the decisions made. The user interface provides a means for the user to interact with the expert system, the inference engine performs the reasoning, and the knowledge base management system manages the knowledge that the system uses to make recommendations.

Question 15

What technologies are used in artificial intelligence (AI)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What technologies are used in artificial intelligence...

Question 16

_________ systems mimic human expertise in a particular field to solve a problem in a well-defined area.

Accepted Answer

Expert systems are designed to mimic the expertise of a human in a specific domain, such as medicine, finance or law. These systems use knowledge based on rules, reasoning, and decision-making algorithms to solve problems. They are typically built using a combination of artificial intelligence techniques, including machine learning and natural language processing, and are used in a variety of applications, from helping doctors diagnose diseases to guiding financial investment decisions. The other options, database management, information systems and fuzzy logic, are not necessarily designed to mimic human expertise and do not rely on the same set of techniques as expert systems.

Question 17

In the context of the types of decision-making analyses,the _________ analysis is used in decision support systems.

Accepted Answer

The what-if analysis is commonly used in decision support systems to evaluate the potential outcomes of different scenarios. This type of analysis involves changing one or more variables or assumptions and assessing the impact on the overall decision outcome. It allows decision-makers to consider the consequences of different choices before making a final decision.

Question 18

In a natural-language processing (NLP)system,the _________ activity involves using the computer to read large amounts of text and understand the information well enough to summarize important points and store information so the system can respond to inquiries about the content.

Accepted Answer

The activity described is knowledge acquisition, as it involves the computer reading and summarizing information in text in order to store and utilize it for future inquiries. Interfacing refers to the interaction between a user and a system, analytics involves analyzing data for insights, and data warehousing is the storage of large amounts of data for future use.

Question 19

_________ consists of related technologies that try to simulate and reproduce human thought behavior,including thinking,speaking,feeling,and reasoning.

Accepted Answer

The description given matches the field of artificial intelligence, which aims to create machines that can simulate human thought and behavior, including speech, emotion, and reasoning. Virtual reality, data mining, and grid computing do not necessarily involve the simulation of human thought behavior.

Question 20

In a natural-language processing (NLP)system,the _________ activity involves accepting human language as input,carrying out the corresponding command,and generating the necessary output.

Accepted Answer

The activity described in the question is interfacing, which involves interacting with the user, processing their input, and generating the appropriate output. Knowledge acquisition involves gathering data and information needed for an NLP system, analytics involves processing and analyzing data, and data warehousing involves storing and organizing large amounts of data. None of these activities fully describe the process of accepting user input and generating corresponding output.

Quiz 13: Intelligent Information Systems