Question 1

Select the term from the list below that best fits the definitions.
-The type of immunoglobulins determined by the heavy chain
A)Kappa
B)Epitope
C)Hinge region
D)Isotype
E)Idiotype

Accepted Answer

Isotype is the term used to describe the type of immunoglobulins determined by the heavy chain, such as IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE. Kappa is a type of light chain found on immunoglobulins, epitope is a specific site on an antigen that binds to an antibody, hinge region is a flexible region on the immunoglobulin molecule, and idiotype refers to the unique variable region of an antibody.

Question 2

Select the term from the list below that best fits the definitions.
-Part of the antigen that the immunoglobulin binds to
A)Kappa
B)Epitope
C)Hinge region
D)Isotype
E)Idiotype

Accepted Answer

An epitope is a specific part of an antigen that an immunoglobulin or antibody binds to. The other options are:
A) Kappa: a type of light chain in immunoglobulins
C) Hinge region: a flexible region in immunoglobulins that connects the heavy and light chains
D) Isotype: the class of immunoglobulin (e.g. IgG, IgM, etc.)
E) Idiotype: the unique portion of an immunoglobulin that determines its specificity for a particular epitope.

Question 3

Select the immunoglobulin class from the list below that best fits the characteristic described.Each class can be used more than once.
-Found in secretions,such as breast milk
A)IgA
B)IgM
C)IgG
D)IgE

Accepted Answer

IgA is predominantly found in secretions, such as breast milk, saliva, tears, and mucous membranes.

Question 4

Select the immunoglobulin class from the list below that best fits the characteristic described.Each class can be used more than once.
-Efficient in activation of the complement cascade
A)IgA
B)IgM
C)IgG
D)IgE

Accepted Answer

The answer of Select the immunoglobulin class from the list...

Question 5

Select the term from the list below that best fits the definitions.
-One of the two types of light chains
A)Kappa
B)Epitope
C)Hinge region
D)Isotype
E)Idiotype

Accepted Answer

Kappa and lambda are the two types of light chains that make up the antigen-binding portion of immunoglobulins (antibodies).

Question 6

Select the term from the list below that best fits the definitions.
-Variable region of an immunoglobulin
A)Kappa
B)Epitope
C)Hinge region
D)Isotype
E)Idiotype

Accepted Answer

The variable region of an immunoglobulin refers to the unique region that determines the specificity and binding of the antibody to a particular antigen. This region is also referred to as the idiotype. Therefore, the best choice is E. The other options are not directly related to the variable region of an immunoglobulin.

Question 7

Which class of HLA antigens would be typed when matching patient and donors for platelet transfusion?
A)Class I only
B)Class II only
C)Class I and II
D)Classes I,II,and III

Accepted Answer

Class I antigens are found on the surface of platelets;however,class II are not.

Question 8

HLA matching between the donor and recipient is important for progenitor cell transplantation to avoid:
A)graft versus host disease (GVHD).
B)graft rejection.
C)transfusion reactions.
D)A and B.

Accepted Answer

HLA typing is essential to avoid GVHD and rejection in HPC transplants.

Question 9

Select the immunoglobulin class from the list below that best fits the characteristic described.Each class can be used more than once.
-Associated with allergic reactions and mast cell activation
A)IgA
B)IgM
C)IgG
D)IgE

Accepted Answer

IgE is the immunoglobulin class associated with allergic reactions and mast cell activation. It is responsible for triggering the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells, leading to symptoms such as itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing.

Question 10

Select the immunoglobulin class from the list below that best fits the characteristic described.Each class can be used more than once.
-Associated with immediate-spin in vitro reactions
A)IgA
B)IgM
C)IgG
D)IgE

Accepted Answer

The answer of Select the immunoglobulin class from the list...

Question 11

Select the immunoglobulin class from the list below that best fits the characteristic described.Each class can be used more than once.
-Able to cross the placenta
A)IgA
B)IgM
C)IgG
D)IgE

Accepted Answer

IgG is the only class that is able to cross the placenta and confer passive immunity from the mother to the fetus.

Question 12

The mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC)is a procedure that has been used in HLA testing to determine:
A)Class I HLA antigen determination.
B)Class II HLA antigen determination.
C)HLA antibody identification.
D)compatibility testing for tissue typing.
E)B and D.

Accepted Answer

The mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC)was an in vitro procedure used to determine tissue compatibility and D (class II)typing that has been largely replaced by molecular typing and flow cytometer techniques.

Question 13

In order to enhance the reaction of an antibody in vitro,it may be necessary to adjust which of the following?
A)Temperature above 37° C
B)Speed of the centrifuge above the calibrated settings
C)Increase the concentration of red cells in the test system
D)Increase the incubation time in the incubator

Accepted Answer

Increasing incubation time is effective in increasing antibody reactions;however,optimal temperatures,centrifugation,and antigen concentrations are normally not altered when performing routine transfusion service testing.

Question 14

Select the term from the list below that best fits the definitions.
-Imparts flexibility to the immunoglobulin molecule
A)Kappa
B)Epitope
C)Hinge region
D)Isotype
E)Idiotype

Accepted Answer

The hinge region is a flexible region found in the middle of the immunoglobulin molecule that allows it to bend and conform to different shapes, which is important for binding to different antigens. The other options are not directly related to imparting flexibility to the immunoglobulin molecule.

Question 15

In the complement cascade,lysis of the target cell is mediated by which of the following components?
A)C1qrs
B)C4a,C3a,and C5a
C)C5 to C9
D)C3a and C3b

Accepted Answer

The membrane attack complex includes the C5 to C9 proteins that mediate lysis of the target cell.

Question 16

Select the immunoglobulin class from the list below that best fits the characteristic described.Each class can be used more than once.
-Associated with intravascular cell destruction
A)IgA
B)IgM
C)IgG
D)IgE

Accepted Answer

The answer of Select the immunoglobulin class from the list...

Question 17

A patient's record indicated that he had a history of an antibody to HPA-1a.What is the significance of this antibody if this patient requires a platelet transfusion?
A)The patient would require HPA-1a negative platelets,which are relatively rare.
B)Transfusion of HLA-matched platelet donors would yield a better response.
C)Washed platelets are necessary to avoid antibody interference.
D)No testing is necessary because the frequency of HPA-1a positive donors is very rare.

Accepted Answer

Anti-HPA-1a is a platelet antibody that would react with about 98% of the population,requiring the search for a relatively rare negative donor.In order for platelets to be successfully transfused,HPA-1a negative platelets should be transfused.

Question 18

Select the immunoglobulin class from the list below that best fits the characteristic described.Each class can be used more than once.
-Has the highest serum concentration
A)IgA
B)IgM
C)IgG
D)IgE

Accepted Answer

IgG has the highest serum concentration among all immunoglobulin classes.

Question 19

Hemolysis was observed at room temperature when testing a patient's serum with reagent red cells used for screening.When this test was repeated using the patient's plasma,no hemolysis was observed.What was the most likely explanation for the different reactions?
A)The plasma sample was collected incorrectly.
B)The serum sample was contaminated.
C)Complement activation was inhibited by calcium in the plasma sample.
D)The serum sample was fresher.

Accepted Answer

Complement can be activated by some red cell antibodies;however,fresh serum samples are necessary to observe this reaction.Plasma samples contain calcium to inhibit the coagulation cascade,which also will inhibit complement activation.

Question 20

Select the immunoglobulin class from the list below that best fits the characteristic described.Each class can be used more than once.
-Has the highest number of antigen binding sites
A)IgA
B)IgM
C)IgG
D)IgE

Accepted Answer

IgM has a pentameric structure with 10 antigen binding sites, which is the highest number of binding sites among all immunoglobulin classes.

Quiz 1: Immunology: Basic Principles and Applications in the Blood Bank

Select the term from the list below that best fits the definitions. -The type of immunoglobulins determined by the heavy chain

Select the term from the list below that best fits the definitions. -Part of the antigen that the immunoglobulin binds to

Select the immunoglobulin class from the list below that best fits the characteristic described.Each class can be used more than once. -Found in secretions,such as breast milk

Select the immunoglobulin class from the list below that best fits the characteristic described.Each class can be used more than once. -Efficient in activation of the complement cascade

Select the term from the list below that best fits the definitions. -One of the two types of light chains

Select the term from the list below that best fits the definitions. -Variable region of an immunoglobulin

Which class of HLA antigens would be typed when matching patient and donors for platelet transfusion?

HLA matching between the donor and recipient is important for progenitor cell transplantation to avoid:

Select the immunoglobulin class from the list below that best fits the characteristic described.Each class can be used more than once. -Associated with allergic reactions and mast cell activation

Select the immunoglobulin class from the list below that best fits the characteristic described.Each class can be used more than once. -Associated with immediate-spin in vitro reactions

Select the immunoglobulin class from the list below that best fits the characteristic described.Each class can be used more than once. -Able to cross the placenta

The mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) is a procedure that has been used in HLA testing to determine:

In order to enhance the reaction of an antibody in vitro,it may be necessary to adjust which of the following?

Select the term from the list below that best fits the definitions. -Imparts flexibility to the immunoglobulin molecule

In the complement cascade,lysis of the target cell is mediated by which of the following components?

Select the immunoglobulin class from the list below that best fits the characteristic described.Each class can be used more than once. -Associated with intravascular cell destruction

A patient's record indicated that he had a history of an antibody to HPA-1a.What is the significance of this antibody if this patient requires a platelet transfusion?

Select the immunoglobulin class from the list below that best fits the characteristic described.Each class can be used more than once. -Has the highest serum concentration

Hemolysis was observed at room temperature when testing a patient's serum with reagent red cells used for screening.When this test was repeated using the patient's plasma,no hemolysis was observed.What was the most likely explanation for the different reactions?

Select the immunoglobulin class from the list below that best fits the characteristic described.Each class can be used more than once. -Has the highest number of antigen binding sites