Question 1

________ is the third step in the four-component model of ethical decision making and reflects an authority's degree of commitment to the moral course of action.

Accepted Answer

Moral intent reflects an authority's degree of commitment to the moral course of action. The distinction among awareness, judgment, and intent is important because many unethical people know and understand that what they're doing is wrong-they just choose to do it anyway.

Question 2

Moral development at the conventional stage is characterized by

Accepted Answer

As people mature, their moral judgment reaches the conventional stage. At this stage, right versus wrong is referenced to the expectations of one's family and one's society, and people come to emphasize the laws, rules, and orders that govern society.

Question 3

________ occurs when an authority recognizes than an ethical principle is relevant to the situation.

Accepted Answer

The first step needed to explain why an authority acts ethically is moral awareness, which occurs when an authority recognizes that a moral issue exists in a situation or that an ethical code or principle is relevant to the circumstance.

Question 4

An individual could argue that smashing a window to save a dog trapped in a hot car is defensible and ethical. This rationale is based on which of the following principles?

Accepted Answer

The ethics of rights states that an act is morally right if it respects the natural rights of others, such as the right to life.

Question 5

Several managers at Fletcher's company were publicly accused of sexual harassment by an ex-employee of the company. The press immediately latched onto the story and it went viral on the Internet. This is an example of a situation with high

Accepted Answer

A concept called moral intensity captures the degree to which an issue has ethical urgency. Moral intensity is driven by two general concerns, both of which have more specific facets. First and foremost, a particular issue is high in moral intensity if the potential for harm is perceived to be high.

Question 6

Lourdes' boss, Miguel, has a temper and has been known to chew employees out for minor infractions, and his behavior is changing the workplace. Given what you know about trust, what is Lourdes most likely experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Research reveals that trust does affect job performance. Why? One reason is that trust is moderately correlated with task performance. Employees' ability to focus reflects the degree to which employees can devote their attention to work, as opposed to "covering their backside," "playing politics," and "keeping an eye on the boss."

Question 7

Tamara is considering accepting a bribe from a company bidding on a construction project even though she knows that the company has engaged in dangerous practices in the past. She knows her family, friends, coworkers, and managers would all consider this action unethical, but the money could pay for a really nice vacation. This decision is causing her a great deal of stress. Tamara is feeling a high level of

Accepted Answer

Tamara is thinking deeply about the ethics of this decision based on how others would perceive her actions. Everyone else would agree taking a bribe would be unethical. This describes social consensus. High levels of social consensus cause high levels of moral intensity.

Question 8

"Playing politics" or "covering one's backside" has a negative effect on employees' job performance, because it hampers their

Accepted Answer

A study gave employees survey measures of their trust in two different authorities: their plant's manager and the company's top management team. Both trust measures were significant predictors of employees' ability to focus, which reflects the degree to which employees can devote their attention to work, as opposed to "covering their backside," "playing politics," and "keeping an eye on the boss."

Question 9

Which of the following has been proven in research studying the impact of trust on performance and commitment?

Accepted Answer

Trust has a moderate positive effect on performance. Employees who are willing to be vulnerable to authorities tend to have higher levels of task performance. They are also more likely to engage in citizenship behavior and less likely to engage in counterproductive behavior. Trust has a strong positive effect on commitment. Employees who are willing to be vulnerable to authorities tend to have higher levels of affective commitment and higher levels of normative commitment. Trust has no effect on continuance commitment.

Question 10

Which of the following is a feature of moral development at the preconventional stage?

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg, people begin their moral development at the preconventional stage. At this stage, right versus wrong is viewed in terms of the consequences of various actions for the individual. For example, children seek to avoid punishment for its own sake, regardless of any concern about moral order. Similarly, children obey adults to avoid punishment, regardless of the respect or wisdom shown by those adults.

Question 11

________ is defined as the degree to which employees can devote their attention to work, as opposed to perpetrating or being victimized by office politics.

Accepted Answer

Ability to focus reflects the degree to which employees can devote their attention to work, as opposed to "covering their backside," "playing politics," and "keeping an eye on the boss." The ability to focus is clearly vital to task performance in many jobs, particularly when job duties become more complex.

Question 12

________ is defined as the authority's act of recognizing that a moral issue exists in a situation or that an ethical standard or principle is relevant to the circumstance.

Accepted Answer

The first step needed to explain why an authority acts ethically is moral awareness, which occurs when an authority recognizes that a moral issue exists in a situation or that an ethical code or principle is relevant to the circumstance.

Question 13

Which of the following specific principles considers an act to be morally right if the decision maker freely decides to pursue either short-term or long-term interests?

Accepted Answer

Under the specific principle of egoism, an act is morally right if the decision maker freely decides to pursue either short-term or long-term interests. Markets are purported to limit the degree to which one egoist's interests harm the interests of another.

Question 14

At the postconventional stage of moral development, right versus wrong is established on the basis of

Accepted Answer

The most sophisticated moral thinkers reach the principled (or postconventional) stage. At this stage, right versus wrong is referenced to a set of defined, established moral principles.

Question 15

According to the principle of ________, an act is considered to be morally right if it allows the decision maker to lead a "good life" by adhering to virtues like wisdom, honesty, courage, friendship, mercy, loyalty, modesty, and patience.

Accepted Answer

According to the principle of virtue ethics, an act is morally right if it allows the decision maker to lead a "good life" by adhering to virtues like wisdom, honesty, courage, friendship, mercy, loyalty, modesty, and patience.

Question 16

Which of the following statements differentiates between moral intensity and moral attentiveness?

Accepted Answer

Moral intensity captures the degree to which an issue has ethical urgency, while moral attentiveness captures the degree to which people chronically perceive and consider issues of morality during their experiences.

Question 17

________ is defined as the degree to which people see themselves as moral.

Accepted Answer

Moral identity is the degree to which a person self-identifies as a moral person.

Question 18

According to the principle of ________, an act is morally right if the decision maker freely decides to pursue short-or long-term interests.

Accepted Answer

According to the principle of egoism, an act is morally right if the decision maker freely decides to pursue either short-term or long-term interests. Markets are purported to limit the degree to which one egoist's interests harm the interests of another.

Question 19

Not only is Jayesh perceived by his employees as a kind and fair boss, but he is very committed to local initiatives. For example, he donates a percentage of company profits to a prison rehabilitation program, and the company participates in numerous charity events. Jayesh's behavior suggests his ________ is very important to him.

Accepted Answer

People with strong moral identities define themselves as compassionate, generous, honest, kind, fair, and hardworking. Moreover, the actions they take in their daily life are viewed as symbols of those virtues. Research suggests that people with strong moral identities volunteer more for charitable work and donate more to charity drives.

Question 20

The final step in the four-component model of ethical decision making is

Accepted Answer

The four-component model of ethical decision making argues that ethical behaviors result from a multistage sequence beginning with moral awareness, continuing on to moral judgment, then to moral intent, and ultimately to ethical behavior.

Quiz 7: Trust, Justice, and Ethics