The patient is admitted with end-stage liver disease.The nurse evaluates the patient for which of the following?

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Altered carbohydrate metabolism may result in unstable blood glucose levels.The serum glucose level is usually increased to more than 200 mg/dL.This condition is termed cirrhotic diabetes.Altered carbohydrate metabolism may also result in malnutrition and a decreased stress response.Protein metabolism,albumin synthesis,and serum albumin levels are decreased.Low albumin levels are also thought to be associated with the development of ascites,a complication of hepatic failure.Fibrinogen is an essential protein that is necessary for normal clotting.A low plasma fibrinogen level,coupled with decreased synthesis of many blood-clotting factors,predisposes the patient to bleeding.Clinical signs and symptoms range from bruising and nasal and gingival bleeding to frank hemorrhage.Disseminated intravascular coagulation may also develop.

The Patient Is Admitted with End-Stage Liver Disease