Which of the following is a threat to internal validity found in within-groups designs but not in independent-groups designs?
A) Selection effects
B) Design confounds
C) Counterbalancing
D) Demand characteristics
E) Practice effects

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Within-groups designs involve using the same participants in all conditions, which means that they may become more familiar with the task or measure over time, leading to practice effects. This is not a concern in independent-groups designs where different participants are used in each group. Selection effects, design confounds, counterbalancing, and demand characteristics can all be threats to internal validity in both within-groups and independent-groups designs.

Which of the Following Is a Threat to Internal Validity