Which of the following threats to internal validity can occur in any study?
A) Observer bias
B) Demand characteristics
C) Placebo effects
D) Both a and b
E) All of the above

Name: Which of the following threats to internal validity can occur in any study? A) Observer bias B) Demand characteristics C) Placebo effects D) Both a and b E) All of the above
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Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

All of the listed threats—observer bias, demand characteristics, and placebo effects—can occur in any study, affecting its internal validity.

Which of the Following Threats to Internal Validity Can Occur