Twenty Nonunion Employees of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company

Twenty nonunion employees of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) and the Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Company (C&P) filed suit against the Communications Workers of America (CWA) in 1986. AT&T and C&P maintained labor agreements containing agency shop provisions with the union. In their lawsuit, the nonunion employees in the bargaining unit objected to CWA's use of their agency fees for purposes unrelated to collective bargaining, contract administration, or grievance adjustments. The judge found CWA guilty of misusing agency shop dues. In her findings, the judge should have indicated that CWA actions violated the ____ Act.

A) Taft-Hartley
B) Norris-LaGuardia
C) Wagner
D) Landrum-Griffin
E) Fair Labor Standards