According to Carmichael and Hamilton, ________ can take place without an individual intending to deprive others of privileges and even without the individual being aware that others are being deprived.

Question

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Carmichael and Hamilton describe institutional racism as a form of discrimination that can occur without intent or awareness by individuals, where the policies and practices of institutions or organizations systematically advantage one group and disadvantage others based on race. Pluralism refers to the coexistence of diverse racial and ethnic groups in society, anti-Semitism refers specifically to discrimination against Jewish people, and color-blind racism refers to a denial or minimization of the impact of race in society.

According to Carmichael and Hamilton, ________ Can Take Place Without