Question 1

Which of the following foods may interfere with determining the results of urinary vanillylmandelic acid or catecholamines?

Accepted Answer

For patients in whom a 24-hour urine specimen is collected for assessment of vanillylmandelic acid or catecholamines, foods that generally should be restricted include coffee, tea, bananas, chocolate, licorice, citrus fruits, vanilla, and aspirin.
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Question 2

Immediately after undergoing kidney biopsy, a patient notices gross hematuria.What is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

Accepted Answer

After a kidney biopsy, it is not unusual for the patient to have hematuria for the first 24 hours.Urine samples may be collected in consecutive chronologic order to facilitate comparison for evaluation of hematuria.These are referred to as rack, or serial, urine samples.
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Question 3

A nurse should ask the patient which of the following questions before scheduling IVP?

Accepted Answer

Patients who are allergic to shellfish or iodine will have an allergic reaction to the contrast material used during IVP.Having undergone IVP previously without a reaction eliminates the possibility of serious anaphylactic reaction to the dye.Patients must be able to adequately hydrate themselves before and after administration of intravenous iodine to avoid subsequent renal impairment.
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Question 4

A patient's leg has become swollen 1 week after arthroscopy.For what should he be evaluated?

Accepted Answer

Thrombophlebitis is a complication associated with arthroscopy and usually occurs 5 to 10 days after surgery.
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Question 5

Which of the following instructions should the nurse give a client after an upper gastrointestinal study?

Accepted Answer

After any barium contrast study, the nurse should recommend that the client use a laxative and drink plenty of fluids to help eliminate barium.
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Question 6

What drug should be discontinued before the serum gastrin level is measured?

Accepted Answer

Cimetidine is a histamine antagonist, which diminishes gastric acid secretion.The normal physiologic feedback mechanism factitiously elevates serum gastrin levels.
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Question 7

What is the most accurate method of screening for breast cancer?

Accepted Answer

Ultrasonography and physical examination have an accuracy level inferior to that of mammography.MRI is more sensitive than mammography, but its poor specificity (too many false-positive results) limits its use as a screening tool.
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Question 8

A nurse has been stuck by a needle from a patient being treated for hepatitis.What is the most appropriate action or actions?

Accepted Answer

Enteric precautions isolating the nurse will not help because the hepatitis B and C viruses are bloodborne.Hepatitis viral tests do not yield positive results for 2 to 12 weeks after exposure.Hospitalization and bed rest are not required for cases of hepatitis exposure.
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Question 9

Intravenous pyelography (IVP) may be contraindicated in patients with what condition?

Accepted Answer

Patients who are allergic to shellfish also can be allergic to iodine.Severely dehydrated patients can go into renal failure with iodine injection.Kidney function, when already diminished, can deteriorate with iodine injection.
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Question 10

Specific gravity in the urine is increased in patients with what condition?

Accepted Answer

Because the kidneys are reabsorbing all available free water, the excreted urine is concentrated.The urine is dilute in patients with diabetes insipidus and chronic renal failure.
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Question 11

A 5-year-old patient has fallen and injured her right arm during play therapy.Why does the physician order radiographs of both arms?

Accepted Answer

Fracture lines of long bones in children often are difficult to distinguish on radiographic film from normal growth lines.Any line suspected of representing a fracture that is seen on both arms is not a fracture.It merely represents a normal growth pattern in the young child.However, such lines that are unilateral are considered fractures until proven otherwise.
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Question 12

Which of the following test results would indicate a complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)?

Accepted Answer

A known complication of ERCP is pancreatitis after injection of contrast material into the pancreatic duct.An elevated amylase level is diagnostic.
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Question 13

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is used to monitor patients with what condition?

Accepted Answer

Levels of CEA can be abnormal in patients with various carcinomas (e.g., gastrointestinal and breast carcinomas).Also, many benign diseases (e.g., diverticulitis, ulcerative colitis, and cirrhosis) may be associated with moderate elevations in CEA level.
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Question 14

What is the most specific test for identifying recurrent prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

PSA measurement is more sensitive and more specific for recurrent prostate cancer than are other tumour markers.Because recurrence may develop outside the pelvis, digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasonography would not identify recurrences in other locations.
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Question 15

A patient has just undergone diagnostic arthroscopy and has mild discomfort.Which of the following interventions is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

For mild discomfort after diagnostic arthroscopy, a mild analgesic usually controls the pain.
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Question 16

Before mammography, which of the following is or are appropriate information to give a patient?

Accepted Answer

All the remarks concerning mammography are accurate.
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Question 17

Which of the following tumour markers is associated with breast cancer?

Accepted Answer

CA-15-3 is specific to breast cancer.CEA and CA-27-29 are other tumour markers that are helpful in the evaluation of a patient with breast cancer.
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Question 18

A "no added salt" diet is necessary for patients before which of the following studies?

Accepted Answer

A high intake of sodium can cause a decrease in levels of plasma renin.
Reference

Quiz 1: Mosbys Canadian Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests, 1st Canadian Edition