Question 1

Agents generating mutation-inducing DNA damage are collectively referred to as ________.

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Question 2

A second-site mutation that compensates for the mutation in one gene by mutating a second gene and restoring the wild-type phenotype is also known as a ________ mutation.

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Question 3

You accidentally exposed your cell culture dish to radiation,but you are not sure of the precise wavelength of the exposure.How can you use the induced DNA damage to tell whether the radiation was UV or higher energy? What is the difference between the DNA damage caused by UV radiation compared to higher-energy radiation? Which type of damage is the most likely to be the most lethal to your cells?

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Question 4

DNA damage signaling processes are essential for regulating the ________ transition within the cell cycle.

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Question 5

You are interested in studying the function of a gene,so you decide to create point mutations to help you identify important residues in your protein.
Which of the adenines in the following sequence could you mutate to create a silent transversion mutation?
5′-ATG GGA TGG CAC CTG-3′

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Question 6

Double-strand breaks cause genomic instability and are thus potentially lethal to cells.They also greatly increase the risk of cancer and the chance of chromosome structural mutations.Compare and contrast the two mechanisms of double-strand break repair.Why would one mechanism be used over another?

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Question 7

Which of the adenines in the following sequence could you mutate to create a missense transition mutation?
5′-ATG GGA TGG CAC CTG-3′

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Question 8

________ are structures that have the same composition and general arrangement but a slight difference in bonding and placement of a hydrogen.

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Question 9

Explain what is meant by deamination.How does this mutation affect a cytosine (C)versus a methylcytosine (5meC)? What effect does deamination have on CpG islands,and how does that affect the mutation frequencies in these regions?

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Question 10

Which bases would you mutate to create a nonsense transition mutation?
5′-ATG GGA TGG CAC CTG-3′

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Question 11

The Ames test is designed to identify the rate of ________ that restore the ability of bacteria to synthesize their own histidine,thus eliminating the need for histidine supplementation of the growth medium.

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Question 12

A bacterial culture is exposed to UV radiation and is preparing to repair the DNA damage.Describe two mechanisms of repair used by E.coli to repair UV-induced DNA damage.Would you expect the bacteria to be able to repair more or less of the damage if they were to be placed in a dark environment after UV damage?

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Quiz 12: Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination