Question 1

Which component of variance in a trait such as stamina in horses is the best indicator of whether the trait will respond to selection?

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Question 2

While most additive polygenic traits show continuous distribution,some can be divided into two or more categories based on their contribution to genetic liability.Such traits are said to have what separation between affected and unaffected members of a population?

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Question 3

What two measures describe the distribution of a trait in a sample?

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Question 4

For a specific desirable trait in a breed of sheep,VP is 28.6,VC is 11,and VA is 7.2.What is its broad sense heritability?

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Question 5

Which will exhibit the most shared maternal effects (uterine environment,etc.): identical or fraternal twins?

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Question 6

Although a polygenic trait is influenced by the effect of several genes,one or more of these may be major genes;but many others with lesser effects are known as what type of gene?

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Question 7

Of the variance and the standard deviation for a set of data about a trait,which represents the square of the difference between each of the values and the mean of the sample,divided by the degrees of freedom?

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Question 8

Calculate the narrow sense heritability (h₂)for the following data on a trait in turkeys:
VA = 11.0
VE = 94.4
VP = 114.2
VD = 13.8

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Question 9

If H₂ for club foot is estimated as 80%,would you expect a small difference such as 30 versus 27 between MZ and DZ twins,or a large difference,such as 30 versus 2?

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Question 10

If the odds ratio for a particular QTL/DNA marker pair (e.g.,Q₁₀M₁₀)is 2.2,this indicates that the organism is how many times more likely to get Q₁₀M₁₀ gametes?

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Question 11

What is the statistically acceptable Lod score that provides evidence of genetic linkage?

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Question 12

After the location of a genome region likely to include a QTL,what must be found in this region?

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Question 13

Sometimes the DNA marker allele and a QTL occur more frequently than would otherwise be expected,either because they interact or because of natural selection.What term describes this?

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Question 14

A homozygous plant has sepals of 30-cm flowers while another homozygote of the same species has 40-cm flowers.The F₁ flowers are all 35 cm.In the F₂,out of 600 plants the smallest flowers were 30 cm and the largest were 45cm;all the others were of intermediate sizes.If all the genes involved in flower size are additive,how many gene pairs are there?

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Question 15

A strain of a cereal grain can be either dark tan,medium-dark tan,medium tan,light tan,or cream colored.When a dark tan and a cream plant are crossed,all F₁ are medium tan.The F₂ are distributed in a ratio of 1:4:6:4:1 from darkest to lightest.How many genes are involved in this coloration?

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Question 16

QTLs are most often mapped relative to DNA markers by using what scores as measurement?

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Question 17

If we suppose that a specific QTL is genetically linked to a DNA marker at a recombination frequency of 10%,then the parental type combinations in gametes would be expected at what frequency?

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Question 18

Of mean,median,and modal,what value is the most common value in a given population?

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Question 19

A strain of a cereal grain can be either dark tan,medium-dark tan,medium tan,light tan,or cream colored.When a dark tan and a cream plant are crossed,all F₁ are medium tan.The F₂ are distributed in a ratio of 1:4:6:4:1 from darkest to lightest.How many additive alleles are needed to produce the darkest phenotypes?

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