Question 1

The power of ____________________ is that it can transfer our understandings and intuitions about something well known to a situation or entity that is less well known.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The power of ____________________ is that it...

Question 2

Ethicists depend on what is called a(n) ____ to try to make better and better ethical decisions.
A) PGP
B) dialectic
C) MP3
D) deontology

Accepted Answer

Ethicists depend on dialectic, which is a method of investigating the truth of opinions by dialogue, to make better ethical decisions. PGP is a type of encryption protocol, MP3 is a file format, and deontology is a moral theory that emphasizes the duty or obligation to do what is right.

Question 3

A(n) ____ is someone who breaks into computer systems, launches Internet worms and viruses, or perpetrates other dubious computer-related vandalism.
A) encryption
B) PGP
C) utilitarian
D) hacker

Accepted Answer

A hacker is someone who breaks into computer systems or perpetrates other dubious computer-related activities, often with malicious intent.

Question 4

The opponents to ____________________ copying hold that in the long run there may be far less music available for copying because artists and publishers will have far less incentive to create and disseminate music.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The opponents to ____________________ copying hold that...

Question 5

The "hacker ethic" makes the claim that ____.
A) all hacking is positive hacking
B) information sharing is a powerful positive good
C) hackers are ethically ok as long as they have fun
D) hacking is acceptable as long as it is a solitary activity

Accepted Answer

The "hacker ethic" emphasizes the importance of information sharing and free access to information as a positive good. It does not make a claim that all hacking is positive, nor does it suggest that hacking is ethically ok as long as it is fun or a solitary activity.

Question 6

A fundamental question in ____________________ is what criteria to use when "measuring" the rightness or wrongness of a particular act.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A fundamental question in ____________________ is what...

Question 7

The final step of the paramedic method is to ____.
A) make a decision or loop again
B) identify stakeholders
C) identify what is at stake
D) think of analogies

Accepted Answer

The final step of the paramedic method is to make a decision or loop again. This step involves using the information gathered in the previous steps to reach a conclusion or make a decision on what action to take. If the decision is not satisfactory or there is more information to consider, the process can be repeated by starting over from the beginning.

Question 8

Perhaps the most famous deontologist was the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, who was born in the ____ century.
A) sixteenth
B) seventeenth
C) eighteenth
D) nineteenth

Accepted Answer

Immanuel Kant was born on April 22, 1724, in Königsberg, Prussia (which is now part of Russia). Therefore, he was a philosopher of the eighteenth century.

Question 9

The new way of thinking about making and sharing music will deemphasize the need for large ____ companies.
A) record
B) music
C) software
D) publishing

Accepted Answer

The answer of The new way of thinking about making...

Question 10

A ____ focus more on the duties of the person acting and the way the act impinges on the rights of others.
A) utilitarian
B) consequentialist
C) hacker
D) deontologist

Accepted Answer

Deontologists focus on the duties and moral obligations of individuals, rather than just the consequences of their actions. They believe that certain actions are inherently right or wrong, regardless of the outcome or consequences. This emphasis on duty and obligation often involves a respect for individual rights and treating others with dignity, rather than simply focusing on the outcomes or benefits of a decision, which is the focus of utilitarianism and consequentialism. Hacking is not related to moral theories or ethics.

Question 11

The philosopher ____ was known to say "never treat a fellow human merely as a means to an end."
A) Descartes
B) Turing
C) Aristotle
D) Kant

Accepted Answer

The quote "never treat a fellow human merely as a means to an end" is famously attributed to the philosopher Immanuel Kant, who believed in the inherent worth and dignity of human beings. While Descartes, Turing, and Aristotle all made significant contributions to philosophy, this quote is not directly associated with any of them.

Question 12

Ideally, in a(n) ____________________, the ultimate goal is for both sides to "win" by moving closer to the truth from two different perspectives.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ideally, in a(n) ____________________, the ultimate goal...

Question 13

One of the challenges when using a(n) ____________________ argument in a dialectic about hacking is that it is sometimes difficult to predict consequences with any accuracy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the challenges when using a(n)...

Question 14

Social ____ are people who raise important, but irritating, questions about society.
A) gadflies
B) gadabouts
C) hackers
D) dialectics

Accepted Answer

Gadflies are individuals who raise important and thought-provoking questions, but in a way that can be annoying or disruptive to others. The other options are not as accurate in describing individuals who challenge societal norms and question the status quo.

Question 15

In a(n) ____, we move back and forth between different viewpoints, criticizing each and trying to learn from each.
A) encryption scheme
B) dialectic
C) utilitarian scheme
D) PGP

Accepted Answer

The concept of moving back and forth between different viewpoints, criticizing each and trying to learn from each is known as dialectic. The other options (encryption scheme, utilitarian scheme, PGP) are not related to this concept.

Question 16

Kant came up with ____ that characterized the duties we humans have to each other.
A) ten laws
B) a mathematical formulation
C) categorical imperatives
D) an algorithm

Accepted Answer

Kant's ethical theory is based on the idea of categorical imperatives, which are unconditional moral obligations that apply to all rational beings. These imperatives are not based on any particular interest or desire, but rather on reason and the concept of duty. Therefore, Categorical imperatives are the best answer.

Question 17

The first step in the paramedic method is to ____.
A) ask what is at stake
B) identify stakeholders
C) identify duties and responsibilities
D) think of analogies

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first step in the paramedic method...

Question 18

The word ____ is from the Greek and means "the study of duty."
A) encryption
B) hacker
C) deontology
D) modus ponens

Accepted Answer

The word "deontology" is derived from the Greek words "deon" meaning "duty" and "logos" meaning "science" or "study." Therefore, deontology is the study of duty.

Question 19

____ calls can be made from any place that the user can get an Internet connection.
A) FTP
B) VoIP
C) Linux
D) MP3

Accepted Answer

VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) calls can be made from any place that the user can get an Internet connection. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used for file transfers, Linux is an operating system, and MP3 is an audio file format, none of which are directly related to making calls over the Internet.

Question 20

A ____ focuses on the consequences of an act to determine if the act is good or bad.
A) consequentialist
B) universalist
C) PGP
D) dialectic

Accepted Answer

A consequentialist ethical theory focuses on the consequences of an action to determine if it is good or bad. This means that the action itself is not inherently good or bad, but rather its outcomes are what matter. Universalist ethics focus on universal values and principles, PGP refers to Pretty Good Privacy which is a data encryption program, and dialectic refers to a method of reasoning and philosophical inquiry.

Quiz 17: Making Decisions About Computers, Information, and Society

The power of ____________________ is that it can transfer our understandings and intuitions about something well known to a situation or entity that is less well known.

Ethicists depend on what is called a(n) ____ to try to make better and better ethical decisions.

A(n) ____ is someone who breaks into computer systems, launches Internet worms and viruses, or perpetrates other dubious computer-related vandalism.

The opponents to ____________________ copying hold that in the long run there may be far less music available for copying because artists and publishers will have far less incentive to create and disseminate music.

The "hacker ethic" makes the claim that ____.

A fundamental question in ____________________ is what criteria to use when "measuring" the rightness or wrongness of a particular act.

The final step of the paramedic method is to ____.

Perhaps the most famous deontologist was the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, who was born in the ____ century.

The new way of thinking about making and sharing music will deemphasize the need for large ____ companies.

A ____ focus more on the duties of the person acting and the way the act impinges on the rights of others.

The philosopher ____ was known to say "never treat a fellow human merely as a means to an end."

Ideally, in a(n) ____________________, the ultimate goal is for both sides to "win" by moving closer to the truth from two different perspectives.

One of the challenges when using a(n) ____________________ argument in a dialectic about hacking is that it is sometimes difficult to predict consequences with any accuracy.

Social ____ are people who raise important, but irritating, questions about society.

In a(n) ____, we move back and forth between different viewpoints, criticizing each and trying to learn from each.

Kant came up with ____ that characterized the duties we humans have to each other.

The first step in the paramedic method is to ____.

The word ____ is from the Greek and means "the study of duty."

____ calls can be made from any place that the user can get an Internet connection.

A ____ focuses on the consequences of an act to determine if the act is good or bad.