Question 1

Which of the following involves procedural memory?
A) Knowing how it feels to be scared
B) Recalling a childhood memory
C) Knowing how an automobile engine works
D) Reading a sentence in a book

Accepted Answer

Procedural memory is a type of long-term memory that aids in the performance of particular types of tasks without conscious awareness of these previous experiences. Reading a sentence in a book involves procedural memory because it requires knowledge of how to read, which is a learned skill that we perform automatically without thinking about the steps involved.

Question 2

The following statement represents what kind of memory? "The Beatles stopped making music together as a group in the early 1970s."
A) Episodic
B) Semantic
C) Procedural
D) Implicit

Accepted Answer

This statement represents semantic memory, which is the memory of general facts and knowledge about the world. It is not specific to a particular event or personal experience (episodic memory), a learned skill or procedure (procedural memory), or an unconscious association (implicit memory).

Question 3

Ming is taking a memory test. She is more likely to recall the name of a popular singer if she had
A) just read about the singer in a magazine.
B) just seen the singer on TV.
C) recently seen the singer on TV and read about the singer in a magazine.
D) attended the singer's concert last year with her boyfriend.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ming is taking a memory test. She...

Question 4

The propaganda effect demonstrates that we evaluate familiar statements as being true
A) only when we are aware we've seen them before.
B) simply because we have been exposed to them before.
C) only when we agree with them.
D) unless we are told explicitly that the statements are false.

Accepted Answer

The propaganda effect describes the phenomenon where people are more likely to believe statements that they have heard before, regardless of their actual truth or validity, simply because they are familiar with them. This suggests that familiarity, rather than accuracy or agreement, is the primary factor in our evaluations of truth. Therefore, choice B is the best answer.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is the most accurate with regard to autobiographical memories?
A) When autobiographical memories are impaired, their episodic content will block access to related semantic content.
B) Autobiographical memories can involve both episodic and semantic content.
C) Autobiographical memories are highly accurate from as early as 3 years of age.
D) It is not possible to have an autobiographical memory that has only semantic or episodic content.

Accepted Answer

Autobiographical memories can involve both episodic and semantic content. While episodic memories are specific to a particular time and place, semantic memories are more generalized knowledge or facts. Autobiographical memories may contain both types of information, such as a memory of a specific event (episodic) that also includes knowledge about the people involved (semantic). It is also possible to have autobiographical memories that are primarily one type of content, but both types are commonly found within autobiographical memories.

Question 6

"I remember being really excited last year, when my college team won the national championship in basketball." This statement is an example of ___________ memory.
A) episodic
B) implicit
C) semantic
D) procedural

Accepted Answer

The statement is describing a specific event that the person experienced, making it an example of episodic memory which is the memory of autobiographical events. The other options - implicit, semantic, and procedural - don't fit as well because they don't involve a specific event or personal experience. Implicit memory refers to unconscious memories (such as motor skills), semantic memory involves the memory of facts about the world, and procedural memory involves the memory of how to do specific tasks, like riding a bike or typing.

Question 7

Which of the following is most closely associated with implicit memory?
A) The self-reference effect
B) The propaganda effect
C) Release from proactive inhibition
D) Encoding specificity

Accepted Answer

The propaganda effect refers to people being more likely to believe information they have previously heard before, regardless of whether it is true or false. This is an example of implicit memory, as individuals are not consciously aware that they have been exposed to the information before. The other options are associated with explicit memory.

Question 8

A patient with impaired episodic memory would most likely have the greatest difficulty in
A) recognizing famous people.
B) remembering the meaning of some words.
C) recalling where to find eating utensils in the kitchen.
D) remembering graduating from college.

Accepted Answer

Impaired episodic memory refers to the loss of the ability to recall specific events or experiences. Graduating from college is an example of an episodic memory, and therefore a patient with impaired episodic memory would have difficulty remembering it. The other options involve either semantic memory (recognizing famous people, remembering the meaning of words) or procedural memory (remembering where to find utensils in the kitchen), which are not typically affected in patients with impaired episodic memory.

Question 9

Work with brain-injured patients reveals that ___________ memory does not depend on conscious memory.
A) declarative and non-declarative
B) personal semantic and remote
C) semantic and episodic
D) implicit and procedural

Accepted Answer

Implicit and procedural memory do not depend on conscious memory. These types of memory involve skills and routines that can be performed without conscious recall, such as riding a bike or typing on a keyboard, which can remain intact in patients with brain injuries affecting conscious memory.

Question 10

One of the defining characteristics of implicit memory is that
A) it always leads to episodic memory for events.
B) it is enhanced by the self-reference effect.
C) people are not conscious they are using it.
D) people use it strategically to enhance memory for events.

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory is characterized by the fact that it operates unconsciously, meaning that individuals are not aware they are using it. This is in contrast to explicit memory, where individuals intentionally try to remember specific details about events or experiences.

Question 11

Why is classical conditioning considered a form of implicit memory?
A) Because learning the association between the neutral and conditioned stimulus requires effort.
B) Because it is based on motor skills similar to procedural memory.
C) Because it involves learning an association without being aware of the reasons behind it.
D) Because it usually involves memory for the episode in which it occurred.

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning involves learning an association between two stimuli without necessarily being aware of the reasoning behind it. This is characteristic of implicit memory, which is memory that is not consciously accessible.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a semantic memory?
A) I remember my earth science teacher telling me how volcanoes erupt.
B) I remember seeing a volcano erupt in Hawaii last summer.
C) I remember the big island of Hawaii has many active volcanoes.
D) I remember "volcano" was the first word on the list Juan read to me.

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory refers to general knowledge and facts about the world. Option C fits this definition as it is a fact about the location of volcanoes on the Big Island of Hawaii. The other options involve personal experiences (option B) or specific instances of learning (options A and D).

Question 13

K.C., who was injured in a motorcycle accident, remembers facts like the difference between a strike and a spare in bowling, but he is unaware of experiencing things like hearing about the circumstances of his brother's death, which occurred two years before the accident. His memory behavior suggests
A) intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory.
B) intact procedural memory but defective semantic memory.
C) intact episodic memory but defective semantic memory.
D) intact episodic memory but defective procedural memory.

Accepted Answer

K.C.'s ability to remember facts like the difference between a strike and a spare in bowling suggests intact semantic memory, which is the memory of general knowledge and facts. However, his inability to remember the circumstances of his brother's death suggests defective episodic memory, which is the memory of personal experiences and events. Therefore, option A, intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory, is the best choice.

Question 14

Your text discusses how episodic and semantic memories are interconnected. This discussion revealed that when we experience events,
A) episodic memory for events lasts longer than semantic memory for the events.
B) the knowledge that makes up semantic memories is initially attained through a personal experience based in episodic memory.
C) semantic and episodic memories about events tend to last about the same length of time in our memory.
D) semantic memory of events is enhanced when it is not interfered with by associated episodic memories.

Accepted Answer

The text states that "episodic memories lay the foundation for semantic memories", which means that personal experiences and events stored in episodic memory form the basis for the knowledge and understanding that make up semantic memories. Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because the text does not provide information on which type of memory lasts longer. Option C is not necessarily true as the duration of memories can vary. Option D is not discussed in the text.

Question 15

A man suffering from Korsakoff's syndrome would be able to perform which of the following activities without difficulty?
A) Following a story in a book
B) Remembering what he needs to buy when he gets to the grocery store
C) Recognizing people he has recently met
D) Identifying a photograph of his childhood home

Accepted Answer

Korsakoff's syndrome is a type of amnesia that affects the ability to form new memories, particularly short-term memory. It also affects the ability to retrieve old memories. However, long-term memories formed prior to the onset of the syndrome may still be intact, making it possible for the person to identify a photograph of their childhood home. A, B and C require the ability to form and/or retrieve recent memories, which would be difficult for someone with Korsakoff's syndrome.

Question 16

Your text describes an "Italian woman" who, after an attack of encephalitis, had difficulty remembering people or facts she knew before. She could, however, remember her life events and daily tasks. Her memory behavior reflects
A) intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory.
B) intact procedural memory but defective episodic memory.
C) intact episodic memory but defective semantic memory.
D) intact episodic memory but defective procedural memory.

Accepted Answer

The text states that the woman had difficulty remembering "people or facts" she knew before, which suggests a problem with semantic memory. However, she was able to remember her "life events" and "daily tasks," which indicate intact episodic memory. There is no information to suggest a problem with procedural memory. Therefore, the most accurate description of her memory behavior is intact episodic memory but defective semantic memory.

Question 17

Semantic memory is to ________ as episodic memory is to ________.
A) images; sounds
B) implicit; explicit
C) knowing; remembering
D) fragile; permanent

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory refers to our general knowledge and understanding of the world, while episodic memory involves the recollection of specific personal experiences or events. Choice C reflects this distinction, with knowing representing the more general nature of semantic memory and remembering capturing the more specific focus of episodic memory. The other options do not accurately capture the relationship between these two types of memory.

Question 18

According to your text, which of the following movies is LEAST accurate in its portrayal of a memory problem?
A) The Bourne Identity
B) Memento
C) The Long Kiss Goodnight
D) 50 First Dates

Accepted Answer

50 First Dates is the least accurate in its portrayal of a memory problem because it depicts a highly improbable form of memory loss in which the protagonist forgets everything that happened to her the day before. This type of memory loss does not exist in reality and is purely fictionalized for the purpose of the movie's plot.

Question 19

Memory enhancement due to repetition priming is a result of the test stimulus being
A) the same as or resembling the priming stimulus.
B) different from the priming stimulus.
C) similar in meaning to the priming stimulus.
D) different in meaning from the priming stimulus.

Accepted Answer

Repetition priming occurs when the test stimulus is the same as or resembles the priming stimulus, leading to faster and more accurate response times in memory retrieval tasks. This is because the priming stimulus activates related neural networks, making it easier for the brain to process the test stimulus.

Question 20

Lucille is teaching Kendra how to play racquetball. She explains how to hold the racquet, how to stand, and how to make effective shots. These learned skills that Lucille has acquired are an example of ___________ memory.
A) working
B) semantic
C) procedural
D) autobiographical

Accepted Answer

Procedural memory is the type of long-term memory responsible for knowing how to do things, especially those things that require a series of steps. In this case, Lucille's ability to teach Kendra how to play racquetball is an example of procedural memory, as she is relying on her knowledge of the motor skills involved in the game. Working memory, semantic memory, and autobiographical memory are not relevant to this situation.

Quiz 6: Long-Term Memory: Structure

Which of the following involves procedural memory?

The following statement represents what kind of memory? "The Beatles stopped making music together as a group in the early 1970s."

Ming is taking a memory test. She is more likely to recall the name of a popular singer if she had

The propaganda effect demonstrates that we evaluate familiar statements as being true

Which of the following statements is the most accurate with regard to autobiographical memories?

"I remember being really excited last year, when my college team won the national championship in basketball." This statement is an example of ___________ memory.

Which of the following is most closely associated with implicit memory?

A patient with impaired episodic memory would most likely have the greatest difficulty in

Work with brain-injured patients reveals that ___________ memory does not depend on conscious memory.

One of the defining characteristics of implicit memory is that

Why is classical conditioning considered a form of implicit memory?

Which of the following is an example of a semantic memory?

Your text discusses how episodic and semantic memories are interconnected. This discussion revealed that when we experience events,

A man suffering from Korsakoff's syndrome would be able to perform which of the following activities without difficulty?

Your text describes an "Italian woman" who, after an attack of encephalitis, had difficulty remembering people or facts she knew before. She could, however, remember her life events and daily tasks. Her memory behavior reflects

Semantic memory is to as episodic memory is to .

According to your text, which of the following movies is LEAST accurate in its portrayal of a memory problem?

Memory enhancement due to repetition priming is a result of the test stimulus being

Lucille is teaching Kendra how to play racquetball. She explains how to hold the racquet, how to stand, and how to make effective shots. These learned skills that Lucille has acquired are an example of ___________ memory.