Question 1

What the following method was used in investigating "one wants to see what sets of variable discriminate between two sets of individuals?"
A)analysis of variance
B)analysis of covariance
C)multiple regression
D)discriminant analysis

Accepted Answer

Discriminant analysis is specifically designed to identify which variables are most important in discriminating between two or more groups. It is a statistical method used to determine which variables discriminate between two or more naturally occurring groups. Unlike ANOVA or regression, discriminant analysis involves a measure of classification accuracy, allowing for the prediction of group membership based on the variables entered into the model.

Question 2

If you want to equalize initial differences between two groups before examining group differences, what procedure would you use?
A)ANOVA
B)ANCOVA
C)MANOVA
D)Repeated-measures ANOVA

Accepted Answer

ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance) is the best choice as it can adjust for initial differences between the groups by covarying the effect of the covariate (the initial difference) before performing the group comparison. This increases the accuracy and power of the analysis. ANOVA (A) and MANOVA (C) are not appropriate for this purpose as they do not adjust for covariates. Repeated-measures ANOVA (D) is used when comparing multiple measures within the same group, and is not relevant for group comparison.

Question 3

The goal in ______ analysis is to represent those things that are related to one another by a more general name?
A)path
B)logistic
C)factor
D)meta

Accepted Answer

Factor analysis aims to identify common factors that explain the covariance among a set of variables. These common factors allow us to represent the relationships among the variables by a more general name or concept. Path, logistic, and meta analysis do not necessarily have this goal.

Question 4

In what type of ANOVA is there one factor on which participants are tested more than once?
A)analysis of covariance
B)repeated measures
C)multivariate analysis
D)path analysis

Accepted Answer

In a repeated measures ANOVA, participants are tested on the same factor multiple times, which allows for within-subjects comparisons. Therefore, this is the type of ANOVA where there is one factor on which participants are tested more than once. The other options (analysis of covariance, multivariate analysis, and path analysis) do not involve testing participants on the same factor multiple times.

Question 5

Which of the following statistical techniques is used to examine correlations but allows a bit of a suggestion as to the direction, or causality, in the relationship between factors?
A)factor analysis
B)path analysis
C)multivariate analysis
D)analysis of covariance

Accepted Answer

Path analysis is used to examine correlations between factors and allows for the examination of causality or directionality in the relationships between these factors. This makes it a better choice than other techniques like factor analysis, multivariate analysis, or analysis of covariance which are less suitable for examining causality.

Question 6

Dr.Moo would like to examine the impact of personality type on participants' interest in high-adrenaline sports, as well as interpretive dancing.What would be the appropriate test for her to use?
A)ANCOVA
B)path analysis
C)MANOVA
D)ANOVA

Accepted Answer

MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance) would be the appropriate test for examining the impact of personality type on participants' interest in both high-adrenaline sports and interpretive dancing, as it allows for the analysis of multiple dependent variables simultaneously. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) only allows for the analysis of one dependent variable, while ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance) and path analysis are not directly relevant to this research question.

Question 7

Of the following, which procedure allows a researcher to explore how items on a particular measure cluster together?
A)correlation
B)factor analysis
C)path analysis
D)MANOVA

Accepted Answer

Factor analysis is the procedure that allows a researcher to explore how items on a particular measure cluster together by identifying the underlying factors that contribute to the covariance among the items. Correlation is a statistical measure that quantifies the linear relationship between two variables, path analysis is a procedure used to test a hypothesized causal model, and MANOVA is a statistical technique used to analyze the differences between groups on two or more continuous dependent variables.

Question 8

Which of the following advanced procedures is characterized by the use of more than one dependent variable?
A)ANOVA
B)ANCOVA
C)MANOVA
D)repeated-measures ANOVA

Accepted Answer

MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance) is characterized by the use of multiple dependent variables. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and repeated-measures ANOVA involve only one dependent variable, while ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance) involves one dependent variable and one or more continuous independent variables as covariates.

Question 9

Which of the following procedures can be used to examine within-groups change over time?
A)ANOVA
B)ANCOVA
C)MANOVA
D)repeated-measures ANOVA

Accepted Answer

Repeated-measures ANOVA is the appropriate choice for examining within-groups change over time because it allows for the analysis of changes within the same participants across multiple time points. ANOVA, ANCOVA, and MANOVA are not applicable for examining within-groups change over time.

Question 10

Researchers collected data on many variables and then looked at the relationships among all of them.Those measures that seemed to contain items that were related were deemed ______.
A)path
B)ANOVA
C)MANOVA
D)factor

Accepted Answer

The given description matches the process of factor analysis, where researchers identify underlying factors or constructs that explain the relationships among various observed variables.

Question 11

When is MANOVA most appropriate to use?
A)one dependent variable
B)two independent variables and one dependent variable
C)two or more dependent variables
D)more than three independent variables

Accepted Answer

MANOVA is most appropriate to use when there are two or more dependent variables. This allows for the analysis of multiple outcomes simultaneously and can provide more information than analyzing each variable separately. The number of independent variables does not impact whether MANOVA is appropriate or not.

Question 12

Which method is used to present the results in a graphical representation of the relationships among all of the different factors under consideration?
A)path analysis
B)SEM
C)factor analysis
D)eta analysis

Accepted Answer

Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to present the results in a graphical representation of the relationships among all of the different factors under consideration. SEM is a statistical technique that allows researchers to test complex theoretical models by examining the relationships between multiple variables. It is often used in social sciences and psychology to examine the relationships between latent variables.

Question 13

What method was used in generating this result: Mothers' literacy activities and mothers' level of education contributed significantly to children's language skills, whereas mothers' age and shared reading did not.
A)analysis of variance
B)analysis of covariance
C)multiple regression
D)logistic regression

Accepted Answer

The statement indicates that the researchers were looking at the relationships between multiple variables (mothers' literacy activities, mothers' level of education, mothers' age, and shared reading) and their impact on children's language skills. Multiple regression analysis allows for the examination of these relationships and the identification of which variables are significant predictors of the outcome (in this case, children's language skills). ANOVA and ANCOVA are used to test for differences between groups or the effects of a specific predictor variable on the outcome, but they do not allow for the examination of multiple predictors simultaneously. Logistic regression is used when the outcome is binary, which is not the case in this statement.

Question 14

Which of the following statistical techniques is used when values of more than one variable are used to predict the value of another variable?
A)ANOVA
B)EFA
C)MANOVA
D)multiple regression

Accepted Answer

Multiple regression is a statistical technique used when values of more than one variable are used to predict the value of another variable. ANOVA and MANOVA are used for analyzing the differences in means of two or more groups or variables. EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis) is used to determine the underlying factor structure of a set of variables.

Question 15

Researchers combine data from several studies to examine patterns and trends.What analysis is that?
A)path analysis
B)multiple regression
C)factor analysis
D)meta-analysis

Accepted Answer

Meta-analysis is the statistical analysis that combines the results of several studies to produce a single quantitative estimate of the overall effect of a particular intervention or variable. It is used to examine patterns and trends and can provide more reliable and generalizable results than individual studies.

Question 16

If a researcher wants to examine the direction of a relationship between two variables such that they posit that one variable causes the other, what type of statistical procedure would be used?
A)correlation
B)ANOVA
C)MANOVA
D)path analysis

Accepted Answer

Path analysis is a statistical procedure used when the researcher wants to examine the direction of a relationship between two variables and posits that one variable causes the other. It allows the researcher to test a hypothesized causal model, including both direct and indirect effects of the predictor variable on the outcome variable. Correlation measures the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables but does not establish causation. ANOVA and MANOVA are used to compare means between two or more groups but do not examine causal relationships between variables.

Question 17

Which of the following is sometimes referred to as an umbrella term for techniques such as regression, path analysis, and factor analysis?
A)MANOVA
B)EFA
C)ANOVA
D)SEM

Accepted Answer

SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) is a statistical technique that encompasses various methods such as regression, path analysis, and factor analysis. It is often considered an umbrella term for these techniques. MANOVA and ANOVA are not relevant to this question, and while EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis) is a component of SEM, it is not the umbrella term referred to in the question.

Question 18

Which of the following techniques is used when the goal is to represent variables as a number of more general constructs?
A)path analysis
B)ANOVA
C)factor analysis
D)multiple regression

Accepted Answer

Factor analysis is used when the goal is to represent variables as a number of more general constructs or factors. This technique helps in identifying the underlying factors that contribute to the variance in the data. Path analysis, ANOVA, and multiple regression are used for other purposes such as examining cause-effect relationships or testing for differences between groups.

Question 19

It is very hard to determine clearly the effect of the treatment variable on any one outcome.Which test is most appropriate to use in this situation?
A)ANCOVA
B)path analysis
C)MANOVA
D)ANOVA

Accepted Answer

MANOVA is appropriate when assessing the effect of one or more independent variables on multiple dependent variables simultaneously, which helps in understanding the overall effect of the treatment.

Question 20

In data analysis, researchers often use a technique based on how well various items are related to one another and form clusters.What technique is this?
A)path analysis
B)logistic regression
C)factor analysis
D)meta-analysis

Accepted Answer

The technique described in the question is factor analysis, which is used to identify underlying factors that explain the correlation between observed variables. The other options listed (path analysis, logistic regression, and meta-analysis) do not specifically involve clustering or identifying underlying factors.

Quiz 18: Some Other Important Statistical Procedures You Should Know About

What the following method was used in investigating "one wants to see what sets of variable discriminate between two sets of individuals?"

If you want to equalize initial differences between two groups before examining group differences, what procedure would you use?

The goal in ______ analysis is to represent those things that are related to one another by a more general name?

In what type of ANOVA is there one factor on which participants are tested more than once?

Which of the following statistical techniques is used to examine correlations but allows a bit of a suggestion as to the direction, or causality, in the relationship between factors?

Dr.Moo would like to examine the impact of personality type on participants' interest in high-adrenaline sports, as well as interpretive dancing.What would be the appropriate test for her to use?

Of the following, which procedure allows a researcher to explore how items on a particular measure cluster together?

Which of the following advanced procedures is characterized by the use of more than one dependent variable?

Which of the following procedures can be used to examine within-groups change over time?

Researchers collected data on many variables and then looked at the relationships among all of them.Those measures that seemed to contain items that were related were deemed ______.

When is MANOVA most appropriate to use?

Which method is used to present the results in a graphical representation of the relationships among all of the different factors under consideration?

What method was used in generating this result: Mothers' literacy activities and mothers' level of education contributed significantly to children's language skills, whereas mothers' age and shared reading did not.

Which of the following statistical techniques is used when values of more than one variable are used to predict the value of another variable?

Researchers combine data from several studies to examine patterns and trends.What analysis is that?

If a researcher wants to examine the direction of a relationship between two variables such that they posit that one variable causes the other, what type of statistical procedure would be used?

Which of the following is sometimes referred to as an umbrella term for techniques such as regression, path analysis, and factor analysis?

Which of the following techniques is used when the goal is to represent variables as a number of more general constructs?

It is very hard to determine clearly the effect of the treatment variable on any one outcome.Which test is most appropriate to use in this situation?

In data analysis, researchers often use a technique based on how well various items are related to one another and form clusters.What technique is this?