Question 1

According to the Federal Register,which of the following is the minimum income needed by a family of four to meet the basic needs for healthy living (that is,an income below this amount is considered insufficient to provide the food,shelter and clothing needed to preserve health)?

Accepted Answer

According to the Federal Register in January 2016,for a family of four,the poverty level-defined as the threshold below which families or individuals are considered to be lacking the resources to meet the basic needs for healthy living-is $24,300.According to the Federal Register in January 2016,the poverty level-defined as the threshold below which families or individuals are considered to be lacking the resources to meet the basic needs for healthy living-is $16,020 for a family of two,$32,580 for a family of 6,and $40,890 for a family of 8.

Question 2

A nurse is assessing a young,single pregnant woman.Which of the following findings would be of most concern?

Accepted Answer

Pregnant homeless women present several challenges.They have higher rates of sexually transmitted diseases,higher incidences of addiction to drugs and alcohol,poorer nutritional status,and higher incidences of poor birth outcomes.Thus,being homeless is the most dangerous sign of those listed.Elevated blood pressure,positive STD test,and seeking prenatal care late in the pregnancy are all concerns for the nurse.However,most concerning would be homelessness,as homelessness presents many challenges for the women during and after the pregnancy.

Question 3

A nurse is concerned about stress related to the heavy caregiving burden assumed by adult children of older clients.Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrates the use of secondary prevention to limit caregiver stress?

Accepted Answer

Secondary prevention activities involve screening activities that allow for early recognition of problems so that prompt interventions can limit disability.By asking caregivers how they are coping (thus screening),the nurse identifies problems early so that interventions can be employed to limit the extent of stress,thus paving the way for improvement.The other options are either primary or tertiary activities depending on whether the intervention takes place before or after caregiving stress has developed.Also,encouraging caregivers to periodically leave the house for a couple of hours could result in negative outcomes for the person needing care (unless a competent substitute is filling in for the primary caregiver).

Question 4

A nurse is working to ensure long-term positive health outcomes of poor pregnant teens and their children.Which of the following actions would the nurse most likely take?

Accepted Answer

A direct correlation exists between poverty and poor health outcomes.Poor teens are nearly three times more likely to drop out of school as their nonpoor counterparts.When programs that assist the mother to complete her education are instituted,chances are increased for a better future,which improves health care over the long term across the life span.It is important to keep the pregnant adolescent in school during the pregnancy and have her return as soon as possible after the birth.Teaching about body changes an proper care of babies and parenting would address short-term health outcomes.Monitoring teens to detect early problems in pregnancy addresses a short-term health outcomes as well.

Question 5

The nurse who works at a homeless clinic wants to improve healing of chronic wounds in clients living on the streets.Which of the following would be the best action to take to improve client outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Health problems faced by the homeless often are related directly to poor access to preventive health care services.Proper wound care relies on cleanliness; however,those living on the streets do not typically have ready access to soap and water.The nurse can help by designating a wound room,in which clients can safely carry out wound care activities taught during clinic visits.If the wound is not kept clean,it is unlikely that antibiotics will be able to prevent an infection,and the antibiotics will not promote wound healing.Handing out bandaging supplies does not address being able to wash the wound on a regular basis.Monitoring of the wound will not assist in wound healing.

Question 6

Which of the following populations experiences the highest incidence of poverty?

Accepted Answer

In 2014,the poverty rate for children under 18 was 21.2%,which was higher than all other age groups.In 2014,the poverty rate for people between the ages 18 and 63 was 13.5 percent,and for people over 65 years,the rate was 10 percent.The textbook does not list a specific percent for those between the ages of 18 and 25.

Question 7

Which of the following statements best describes why health care of the homeless is so expensive to the community?

Accepted Answer

Homeless persons have the same problems accessing care as do others in poverty (e.g.,lack of money,lack of insurance,lack of transportation).Therefore,health care of homeless persons is usually crisis oriented and sought in emergency departments,where the cost of service is high but is not refused as it often is in clinics.It is likely that most homeless people do not seek preventive care,thus,it is not that they require increased services,but they are less likely to seek these preventive services.Homeless clients are likely to not be seen in the clinic setting.Homeless people may spread contagious diseases,but this does not explain why providing health care to this population is expensive.

Question 8

Which of the following is the leading cause of disability for Americans 15 to 44 years of age?

Accepted Answer

Major depressive depression is the leading cause of disability for Americans between the ages of 15 and 44 years.Accidents,arthritis,and workplace injuries are not the leading causes of disability for Americans between the ages of 15 and 44 years.

Question 9

A nurse is providing care to a pregnant teenager.Which of the following principles is the most important for the nurse to consider when providing care?

Accepted Answer

It is crucial to consider all pregnant teenagers as high-risk obstetric clients.A number of problems (e.g.,poverty,late entry into prenatal care,and limited self-care knowledge)can lead to complications of pregnancy,so it is important to treat every teen pregnancy as a special high-risk pregnancy.All of these statements are true; however,it is crucial to consider all pregnant teenagers as high-risk obstetric clients.Limited self care,lack of prenatal care,and limited financial resources are all contributors to the potential for all teen pregancies to be considered high risk.

Question 10

A mother and her son are in the emergency department.The mother is extremely upset.Earlier,the son had become so angry that he put his hand through a glass window and had to have stitches.The physician suggested a psychiatric consult.Now the mother asks,"Do you think my son is crazy?" Which of the following is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Mental health is defined as being able to engage in productive activities and fulfilling relationships with other people,to adapt to change,and to cope with adversity.Mental disorders are conditions characterized by alterations in thinking,mood,or behavior,resulting in distress and/or impaired functioning.Most persons do not get so angry that they become self-destructive (e.g.,putting their hand through a glass window and requiring medical attention).The nurse can help the mother accept appropriate assessment and intervention by using positive language and giving hope.In order to respond therapeutically to the mother,the nurse should not use the words absolutely (which implies that there may not be a problem with the son at all)or crazy (which is not a positive word to describe the son's behavior).

Question 11

A school health nurse presents a program on preventing teen pregnancy to a group of parents.Following the presentation,which of the following comments by a parent would cause concern?

Accepted Answer

Teens who are knowledgeable and want to be responsible often find it difficult to access birth control.Parents who do not talk about sexuality with their teens may find them more at risk for sexual permissiveness and pregnancy.Teens are often ignorant concerning sexuality and pregnancy and often very embarrassed to discuss such topics.Further,they often believe myths such as they cannot get pregnant the first time they have sex.The earlier their sexual debut,the less likely a birth control method will be used,because younger teens have less knowledge.Teens are more likely to be sexually active if their friends are sexually active.Confidential reproductive health care services may be available for teens,but problems are still associated with transportation,school absences,and costs of care.

Question 12

The nurse is making a postpartum visit to a teenage mother and her month-old infant.Which of the following assessments would be most important?

Accepted Answer

The primary goal would be to assess how much the mother knows and understands about the needs of infants and their development.Such knowledge helps avoid unrealistic expectations and frustrations,which could lead to child abuse.Although the nurse might assess for any and all of these options,however,the primary goal of a postpartum visit would be to assess knowledge regarding normal growth and development.A teenager mother's knowledge about her own growth and development and how much assistance she is receiving from her own mother and the baby's father would be secondary concerns.

Question 13

A nurse was shocked when late one night she saw a former high school friend going through a trash bin outside a fast-food restaurant and pulling out half-eaten food.Which of the following is the most likely explanation for a healthy young adult engaging in such behavior?

Accepted Answer

The causes of poverty are complex and include decreased earnings,increased unemployment rates,and inadequate education and job skills.Thus,it is most likely that he was unable to meet his basic needs through his current employer.If he had already eaten his meal,it would be unusual to get additional food out of garbarge,rather he should be able to afford to purchase additional food if he was able to purchase his meal.The young adult would most likely not be pulling out half-eaten food if he was looking specifically for a friend's meal.There is no reason to assume that he was part of a fraternity.

Question 14

A nurse is trying to decrease the risk for depression among older adults.Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement?

Accepted Answer

Healthy aging activities such as physical activity and establishing social networks improve the mental health of older adults.The nurse can reach them by organizing health promotion programs through senior centers or other community-based settings.Depression rates for older adults in nursing homes range from 15% to 25%; thus,encouraging older adults to move to nursing homes would certainly not decrease their risk for depression.Telling clients to focus on strengths instead of weaknesses is not helpful-this advice can sound flippant and patronizing if (1)the weaknesses are profound and (2)tools are not given to assist in coping.Monitoring for signs of depression is not an effective approach because this-like most programs currently available for adults,families,and caregivers with health problems-focuses on identifying rather than preventing problems.

Question 15

A school nurse was talking to the teacher of an 8-year-old child who was living with her mother in their car.Which of the following concerns would lead the nurse to talk to the teacher about the child?

Accepted Answer

Poverty increases the likelihood of chronic disease,injuries,traumatic death,developmental delays,poor nutrition,inadequate immunization levels,iron deficiency anemia,and elevated blood lead levels.Homeless children may have delayed communication,more mental health problems,and histories of abuse.Because the student is attending school,the student should be eligible for free lunches and should be provided adequate food.There is nothing that suggests that this child is unable to see and poverty is not indicative of vision problems.It is possible that this chld is being mistreated,and this may be something to speak with the teacher about; however,developmental delays would be of greater concern to the nurse than mistreatment.

Question 16

Which of the following groups is most at risk for suicide?

Accepted Answer

Men over age 85 are in the highest risk category for suicide.Adolescents under age 20,females 25 to 45 years of age,and women over age 65 are all not part of the highest risk category for suicide.

Question 17

A school nurse was caring for an 8-year-old child who had been hurt on the school playground.During the nurse's assessment,the child admitted that her mother was working but didn't make much money so the girl and her mother were living in their car.Based on this information,which of the following would the nurse most likely suspect?

Accepted Answer

Poverty also increases the likelihood of chronic disease,injuries,traumatic death,developmental delays,poor nutrition,inadequate immunization levels,iron deficiency anemia,and elevated blood lead levels.These children may also be hungry and fatigued and experience dizziness,irritability,headaches,ear infections,frequent colds,weight loss,inability to concentrate,and increased school absenteeism.Homeless children may have delayed communication,more mental health problems,and histories of abuse.The priority of the nurse should be to address the potential absenteeism.Being clumsy is not related to living in poverty.Receiving screenings,such as a vision screening,is many times not a priority for those living in poverty.However,this would not be the key concern of the nurse.It is possible that this child could be bullied; however,there are also children who do not live in poverty who experience bullying as well.

Question 18

A community mental health nurse is working within the community to help prevent youth violence.Which of the following interventions would most likely be implemented by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Community mental health providers can help prevent a culture of youth violence by creating coalitions and partnerships and providing activities to increase social skills by helping children learn to stop,think,and act.Distributing literature is an ineffective intervention as community members would need to read the literature that has been provided.Based on the growth and development of youth,they are unlikely to be able to truly understand the larger scope of youth violence.Recommending increased funding for prosecution and jail does not provide any measure to prevent the problem from occurring.

Question 19

A nurse would like to increase the accessibility to health care services for mentally ill homeless clients in the community.Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Accessibility refers to the ability of clients to obtain needed health care services.Only applying for a grant for a mobile clinic can potentially improve accessibility to a health care clinic.Neighborhood clinics,mobile vans,and home visits can bring health care to people otherwise unable to access care.Coordinating services at a central location often improves client compliance because it reduces the stress of getting to multiple places.All of these options lead to opportunities for improvement in health,either directly or indirectly,but distributing flyers,refering homeless clients,and soliciting donations does not address the issue of accessibility.

Question 20

Which of the following is the most rapidly growing group of homeless?

Accepted Answer

Families with children are the fastest-growing segment of the homeless population with the highest rates being found in rural areas.Adolescents,persons and crisis,and single men are not the fastest-growing segments of the homeless population.

Quiz 23: Poverty, Homelessness, Teen Pregnancy, and Mental Illness

According to the Federal Register,which of the following is the minimum income needed by a family of four to meet the basic needs for healthy living (that is,an income below this amount is considered insufficient to provide the food,shelter and clothing needed to preserve health) ?