Question 1

Kohlberg places 80 percent of U.S.adults in the principled level of development.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's stages of moral development are hypothetical and controversial, but one thing that is generally agreed upon is that only a minority of adults reach the highest stage (post-conventional or principled). Research suggests that most adults operate in the conventional level of moral reasoning. Therefore, it is unlikely that 80 percent of U.S. adults are at the principled level.

Question 2

A code of ethics is important to clarify company expectations of employee conduct in various situations and to

Accepted Answer

A code of ethics is important to make it clear that the company expects its people to recognize the ethical dimensions in decision and actions. It defines acceptable behavior for employees and helps align individual actions with company values. It is not primarily intended to reduce the burden on the judicial system, promote societal norms, encourage good citizenship, or minimize the possibility of mandatory regulations, although these may be secondary benefits.

Question 3

What is moral relativism? What are the four types of moral relativism?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is moral relativism? What are the...

Question 4

Research indicates that when faced with a question of ethics,managers tend to ignore codes of ethics and try to solve their dilemma on their own.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that managers often prioritize personal values and organizational goals over codes of ethics and make decisions based on their own judgment and perspectives.

Question 5

In support of whistle-blowers,the U.S.False Claims Act gives whistle-blowers what percentage of any damages recovered in cases where the government is defrauded?

Accepted Answer

The U.S. False Claims Act gives whistle-blowers 15-30% of any damages recovered in cases where the government is defrauded. This provision is meant to incentivize individuals to report fraud and provide valuable information for the government to recover lost funds.

Question 6

There is no truth to the comment that "business ethics" is an oxymoron.

Accepted Answer

The statement that "business ethics" is an oxymoron suggests a belief that business practices inherently lack ethical principles, which is not universally true. Many businesses operate with strong ethical guidelines and social responsibility initiatives.

Question 7

"Let the buyer beware" is a traditional saying by free-market proponents who argue that customers in a free market democracy have the right to choose how they spend their money and live their lives.

Accepted Answer

The saying "let the buyer beware" is often used by free-market proponents to emphasize the importance of consumers being informed and responsible in their purchasing decisions. This reflects the belief that in a free market democracy, individuals have the right to make their own choices and bear the consequences of those choices.

Question 8

According to Kohlberg,what stage of moral development do the vast majority of people in the United States occupy?

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the vast majority of people in the United States occupy the conventional stage, which involves conforming to societal norms and values. This is typically seen in adolescence and adulthood as individuals prioritize maintaining good relationships and following rules set by authorities.

Question 9

Discuss some reasons for unethical behavior by business people.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss some reasons for unethical behavior by...

Question 10

According to Kohlberg,the third level of moral development,characterized by a person's adherence to an internal moral code,is called

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg’s third level of moral development, also known as the post-conventional level, is where individuals develop their own sense of personal values and morals, which guide their decision-making and behavior, rather than relying on the rules and norms of society (conventional level). This level is also referred to as the principled level.

Question 11

Relationship-based countries tend to be less transparent and have a higher degree of corruption than do rule-based countries.

Accepted Answer

Relationship-based countries prioritize interpersonal connections and personal favors, which can result in less adherence to objective rules and regulations. This can create opportunities for corruption, while rule-based countries prioritize following established procedures and laws, which can lead to greater transparency and accountability.

Question 12

The statement,"When in Rome,do as the Romans do," reflects the essence of cultural relativism.

Accepted Answer

The phrase "When in Rome, do as the Romans do" means that when you are in a different culture or environment, you should behave according to the customs and traditions of that place. This reflects the idea of cultural relativism, which is the view that different cultures should be understood and evaluated based on their own values and beliefs rather than judging them by the standards of another culture. Therefore, option A is correct.

Question 13

Cultural norms and values seldom guide ethical behavior in business.

Accepted Answer

Cultural norms and values do guide ethical behavior in business as they provide a framework for understanding what is acceptable and unacceptable behavior in a given society. These norms and values may differ across cultures, but they still influence ethical decision making in business.

Question 14

Managers who want to improve ethical behavior should take actions such as

Accepted Answer

All of the listed actions are important for managers to take in order to improve ethical behavior in the workplace. Communication and emphasis on the code of ethics through training programs, performance appraisals, policies, and procedures are vital for promoting ethical behavior among employees. Additionally, it is important for managers to model ethical behavior themselves, as employees often look to their leaders as a guide for appropriate conduct.

Question 15

According to Kohlberg's levels of moral development,the conventional level is characterized by considerations of society's laws and norms.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's conventional level of moral development is characterized by adherence to society's laws, norms, and expectations. Individuals at this level seek approval and maintain social order.

Question 16

According to a 2011 National Business Ethics survey,what percent of respondents who observed corporate misconduct rated their cultures as weak?

Accepted Answer

According to the 2011 National Business Ethics Survey, 90% of respondents who observed corporate misconduct rated their cultures as weak.

Question 17

Law refers to formal codes that permit or forbid certain behaviors and may or may not enforce ethics or morality.

Accepted Answer

Law is a set of formal rules that regulate behavior and can be enforced through penalties or sanctions. Ethics and morality, on the other hand, refer to a system of principles that dictate what is considered right or wrong behavior. While there may be overlap between the two, they are not the same thing. Law can permit or forbid certain behaviors without necessarily enforcing ethics or morality.

Question 18

A code of ethics is a useful way to promote ethical behavior.

Accepted Answer

A code of ethics provides a set of guidelines and values to promote ethical behavior within an organization or profession. It helps to ensure that all individuals within the organization or profession are held to the same ethical standards and can act with integrity and accountability.

Question 19

Kohlberg's pre-conventional level is characterized by a person's adherence to an internal moral code.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's pre-conventional level is actually characterized by a person's adherence to external rules and avoidance of punishment. It is not until the conventional level that a person begins to internalize moral values based on social norms and relationships.

Question 20

Moral relativism could enable a person to justify almost any sort of decision or action,so long as it is not declared illegal.

Accepted Answer

Moral relativism asserts that morality is subjective and varies from individual to individual or culture to culture. Therefore, there is no objective standard to determine right or wrong. So, according to moral relativism, as long as an action is not prohibited by the law or social norms, it can be considered acceptable or moral. This can lead to people justifying almost any sort of decision or action.

Quiz 3: Social Responsibility and Ethics in Strategic Management