Question 1

According to a study by Sundby (1997)on jurors' perceptions of different types of witnesses,which of the following witnesses would be viewed most negatively?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to a study by Sundby (1997)on...

Question 2

A jury is in the process of deliberations.The six jurors who initially felt that the accused was innocent begin to feel even more strongly that the accused is innocent,while the six jurors who initially felt that the accused was guilty begin to feel even more strongly that the accused is guilty.This process is called:

Accepted Answer

Polarization refers to the tendency for group members to become more extreme in their opinions and attitudes as a result of group discussion. In this scenario, the six jurors who initially felt one way are becoming even more convinced of their initial position due to the discussion with other jurors. This is a common phenomenon in jury deliberations and group decision-making in general. Normative influence and compliance refer to the influence of social norms and pressure to conform, respectively, and do not accurately describe what is happening in this scenario. Unconscious transference leniency and leniency bias are not relevant to the situation presented.

Question 3

Which one of the following jurors would likely be most persuasive based on their characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Marcus is tall, extroverted, and has high levels of moral reasoning, traits that could make him a persuasive juror. His extroversion could give him confidence in expressing his opinions, while his moral reasoning could make him a logical and convincing arguer.

Question 4

Following deliberations,a jury may be more likely to return a verdict of not guilty.This refers to:

Accepted Answer

The leniency effect is when a jury is more likely to return a verdict of not guilty following deliberations, showing leniency towards the defendant. This can happen even if the evidence is strong against the defendant, and it is influenced by factors such as the defendant's age, race, gender, and economic status.

Question 5

Which of the following is true regarding jurors who are willing to give the death penalty?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that jurors who are willing to give the death penalty are more likely to render a guilty verdict than jurors who are not willing to give the death penalty.

Question 6

Narby,Cutler,and Moran (1993)conducted a meta-analysis examining authoritarianism and juror verdicts.They found what type of relationship?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Narby,Cutler,and Moran (1993)conducted a meta-analysis examining authoritarianism...

Question 7

In R.v.Darrach,2000,the Supreme Court of Canada decided that the onus is on the ___________ to show the victim's sexual history is relevant in a sexual assault case.

Accepted Answer

The onus is on the defendant in a sexual assault case to show that the victim's sexual history is relevant. This is in line with the principle that a victim's past sexual behavior is generally not relevant to the issue of whether they consented to the sexual activity in question.

Question 8

A meta-analysis concerning racial bias and verdicts by Mitchell,Haw,Pfeifer,and Meissner (2005)revealed that

Accepted Answer

The meta-analysis by Mitchell, Haw, Pfeifer, and Meissner (2005) found that jurors are more likely to return guilty verdicts for 'other-race' defendants than for defendants of their own race, indicating a racial bias in verdicts.

Question 9

According to research by Gunnell and Ceci (2010)on juror decision-making and the Cognitive Experiential Self Theory (CEST),jurors who rely more on their personal experiences,interpretations,and emotional reactions when making decisions are engaging in:

Accepted Answer

The Cognitive Experiential Self Theory (CEST) proposes two modes of thinking, experiential and rational. Experiential processing involves personal experiences, interpretations, and emotional reactions, which is the mode of thinking that jurors who rely on their personal experiences are engaging in. Therefore, the best choice is E, experiential processing.

Question 10

Juan is a young adult man of Hispanic heritage,accused of murdering his Caucasian girlfriend Suzanne.Carmela is a Hispanic woman who is serving as a member of the jury.According to the black sheep effect,Carmela would be likely to:

Accepted Answer

The black sheep effect suggests that individuals are often harsher in their judgments towards in-group members (those they identify with) who violate social norms or expectations, compared to out-group members who commit similar violations. In this scenario, Carmela, being of the same Hispanic heritage as Juan, might be more punitive towards him if the evidence against him is strong, reflecting a harsher judgment on an in-group member who has committed a serious crime.

Question 11

Numerous studies have now examined the effect of jury size.This research indicates that,compared to a 12-person jury,a 6-person jury is likely to:

Accepted Answer

The research suggests that a 6-person jury is likely to be less representative of the community, recall less evidence, spend less time deliberating, and reach a non-unanimous decision more often compared to a 12-person jury. Therefore, option E, "all of the above," is the best choice.

Question 12

Imagine that you are a consultant for defence council in a case involving an Aboriginal male accused of murdering a white female and a primarily Caucasian jury.Based on the research on racial bias in court,what advice would you give the defence council?

Accepted Answer

Research on racial bias in court suggests that addressing racial issues directly can help reduce juror bias towards defendants of another race. Additionally, making the defendant appear more similar to the jurors, in this case, "as Caucasian as possible," can also help minimize bias based on stereotypes. These strategies can be used together to potentially reduce the impact of racial bias on the jury's decision-making process.

Question 13

The current rape shield provisions in Canadian courts specify that:

Accepted Answer

The current rape shield provisions in Canadian courts allow for a woman's prior sexual history to be admitted at the judge's discretion and only if it is deemed relevant to the case. This means that a woman's sexual history cannot be introduced in court as a matter of course, but may be considered if it is believed to be important in establishing the truth of the matter. This allows for a balance between protecting the rights of the victim and ensuring that all relevant evidence is considered in a criminal proceeding.

Question 14

Which of the following defendant characteristics has been found to influence a verdict?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following defendant characteristics has...

Question 15

Sam and the other members of the jury have just finished hearing all the evidence in a sexual assault trial.Once they enter the deliberation room,Sam says that he thinks they should take an initial poll to see what verdict each juror would return,and then they can discuss the evidence.Sam is using what type of style of jury deliberation?

Accepted Answer

Sam is using a verdict-driven style of jury deliberation by suggesting that they take an initial poll to see what verdict each juror would return. This style prioritizes the decision concerning the verdict before the discussion of the evidence.

Question 16

In their study examining rape myths,sexual attitudes,and gender in relation to a date rape scenario,Hammond,Berry,and Rodriguez (2011)found that:

Accepted Answer

Hammond, Berry, and Rodriguez (2011) found that male jurors were more likely to endorse rape myths and were more lenient towards the accused in their study examining rape myths, sexual attitudes, and gender in relation to a date rape scenario.

Quiz 7: A: Juries: Fact Finders

According to a study by Sundby (1997) on jurors' perceptions of different types of witnesses,which of the following witnesses would be viewed most negatively?

Which one of the following jurors would likely be most persuasive based on their characteristics?

Following deliberations,a jury may be more likely to return a verdict of not guilty.This refers to:

Which of the following is true regarding jurors who are willing to give the death penalty?

Narby,Cutler,and Moran (1993) conducted a meta-analysis examining authoritarianism and juror verdicts.They found what type of relationship?

In R.v.Darrach,2000,the Supreme Court of Canada decided that the onus is on the ___________ to show the victim's sexual history is relevant in a sexual assault case.

A meta-analysis concerning racial bias and verdicts by Mitchell,Haw,Pfeifer,and Meissner (2005) revealed that

According to research by Gunnell and Ceci (2010) on juror decision-making and the Cognitive Experiential Self Theory (CEST) ,jurors who rely more on their personal experiences,interpretations,and emotional reactions when making decisions are engaging in:

Juan is a young adult man of Hispanic heritage,accused of murdering his Caucasian girlfriend Suzanne.Carmela is a Hispanic woman who is serving as a member of the jury.According to the black sheep effect,Carmela would be likely to:

Numerous studies have now examined the effect of jury size.This research indicates that,compared to a 12-person jury,a 6-person jury is likely to:

Imagine that you are a consultant for defence council in a case involving an Aboriginal male accused of murdering a white female and a primarily Caucasian jury.Based on the research on racial bias in court,what advice would you give the defence council?

The current rape shield provisions in Canadian courts specify that:

Which of the following defendant characteristics has been found to influence a verdict?

In their study examining rape myths,sexual attitudes,and gender in relation to a date rape scenario,Hammond,Berry,and Rodriguez (2011) found that: