Elderly patients have an increased tendency for slower metabolism,multiple chronic diseases,and a decreased reserve capacity of their organs to respond to stress,when compared to younger patients.When considering the decision for surgery,the risk of surgery should be measured against the risk of not operating,and the expected postoperative quality of life.What important factors should be evaluated in the decision-making? Select all that apply.

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A frequent mistake is to compare the risk in elderly patients with that of younger patients.Surgical intervention and management should be tailored to the patient's symptoms,overall functional and health status,and the predicted advantage of palliative intervention.Important factors that need to be evaluated are disease course versus life expectancy,state of independence,personal motivation,and surgical risk versus nonoperative management.

Elderly Patients Have an Increased Tendency for Slower Metabolism,multiple Chronic