Question 1

One body weighs twice as much as another on a seesaw, as such the center of mass is located
A)in the center of the seesaw.
B)towards the less massive body.
C)towards the more massive body.
D)at the heaviest body.

Accepted Answer

The center of mass of a seesaw is located towards the more massive body. This is because the heavier object exerts a greater downward force than the lighter object, causing the seesaw to balance at a point closer to the heavier object.

Question 2

Uranus's orbital period is 84 years. How far is Uranus from the Sun

Accepted Answer

The answer of Uranus's orbital period is 84 years. How...

Question 3

Which law refers to a planet sweeping out equal areas in equal times as it orbits its host star
A)Kepler's first
B)Kepler's second
C)Kepler's third
D)universal law of gravitation

Accepted Answer

Kepler's second law, also known as the law of equal areas, states that a planet will sweep out equal areas in equal times as it orbits its host star. This law helped to explain the varying speeds of planets as they move in their elliptical orbits around the sun.

Question 4

If the period of a body's orbit is doubled, then the distance from the host has ___________. Assume the units of period are years and the units of distance are A.U. Choose the best answer.
A)doubled
B)halved
C)stayed the same
D)increased by  about 1.5 times

Accepted Answer

According to Kepler's third law of planetary motion, the square of the period of an orbit is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis (distance from the host). Therefore, if the period is doubled (2x), the semi-major axis will increase by about 1.5 times (∛2). So, the distance from the host has increased by about 1.5 times.

Question 5

Which produces tides on Earth
A)Moon
B)Sun
C)Moon and Sun
D)None of the other choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

Tides on Earth are primarily produced by the gravitational pull of the Moon, but the Sun also has an influence. When the gravities of the Sun and Moon act together, they create spring tides, which are especially high tides, and neap tides, which are especially low tides. Therefore, the correct answer is C: Moon and Sun.

Question 6

An object in orbit around Earth
A)is not experiencing gravity.
B)is in free fall.
C)is accelerating towards Earth.
D)is in free fall and is accelerating toward Earth.

Accepted Answer

An object in orbit around Earth is in free fall, which means it is falling towards Earth due to the force of gravity. However, because it also has enough forward motion to keep missing the Earth's surface, it is not actually crashing into the ground. This combination of free fall and forward motion means that the object is also accelerating towards Earth, since acceleration is any change in speed or direction. So, choice D is the best option.

Question 7

If the force on a body is halved then the acceleration of the body
A)increases by half
B)increases by double
C)decreases by half
D)decreases by double

Accepted Answer

The force on a body is directly proportional to its acceleration, according to Newton's second law of motion. If the force is halved, the acceleration must also be halved in order to maintain this proportionality. Therefore, if the force on a body is halved, the acceleration of the body decreases by half.

Question 8

Geosynchronous satellites
A)have an orbital period of 24 hours.
B)remain above a geographical point on Earth while Earth rotates underneath.
C)have an orbital period of 24 hours and remain above a geographical point on Earth while Earth rotates underneath.
D)None of the other choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

Geosynchronous satellites have an orbital period of 24 hours, which matches the time it takes Earth to complete one rotation. This means they remain above a geographical point on Earth while Earth rotates underneath, making them useful for communication and observational purposes.

Question 9

Jupiter orbits the Sun and follows which laws Choose the best answer.I. Kepler's first 
II. Kepler's second
III. Kepler's third
IV. Newton's first
V. Newton's second
VI. Newton's third
VII. Newton's law of gravitation
A)I, II, III, V, VI
B)II, IV, VI, VII
C)I, II, III, IV, V, VII
D)I, II, IV, V, VI, VII

Accepted Answer

Jupiter orbits the sun, which means it follows Kepler's laws of planetary motion: first law (elliptical orbit), second law (equal areas in equal times), and third law (the square of the orbital period is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of the orbit). Additionally, Jupiter's orbit is influenced by Newton's laws of motion (first law: object at rest stays at rest, object in motion stays in motion; second law: force equals mass times acceleration; third law: for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction) and Newton's law of gravitation (the force of gravity between two objects is proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them).

Question 10

The first observations of objects in the solar system that orbited neither the Sun nor Earth were made by ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first observations of objects in the...

Question 11

Saturn orbits the Sun and follows which laws Choose the best answer.
I. Kepler's first 
II. Kepler's second
III. Kepler's third
IV. Newton's law of gravitation
A)I and II
B)I, II, and III
C)I, III, and IV
D)I, II, III, and IV

Accepted Answer

Saturn, like all planets in our solar system, follows Kepler's three laws of planetary motion which describe the motion of planets around the Sun. Additionally, its orbit is governed by Newton's law of gravitation, which explains the gravitational force between the Sun and Saturn.

Question 12

If an object's orbital velocity is greater than its escape velocity, then the shape of the path is a/an __________________ and the orbit is____________.
A)ellipse, closed
B)circle, closed
C)parabola, open
D)parabola, closed

Accepted Answer

If the orbital velocity is greater than the escape velocity, the object will no longer be in a closed orbit and will instead follow an open path, which is a parabolic trajectory.

Question 13

If a satellite is in orbit around Earth and the satellite's altitude is decreased, then the circular velocity __________________.
A)decreases
B)increases
C)stays the same
D)is zero

Accepted Answer

According to Kepler's laws of planetary motion, as an object moves closer to the planet it's orbiting, the gravitational force between the two objects increases. As a result, in order to maintain a stable circular orbit, the satellite must increase its velocity. Therefore, if the satellite's altitude is decreased, its circular velocity will increase.

Question 14

If a satellite is in orbit around Earth and the satellite's altitude increases, then the circular velocity __________________.
A)decreases
B)increases
C)is zero
D)None of the other choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a satellite is in orbit around...

Question 15

This person developed his own model in which the Sun and Moon orbited Earth and the planets circled the Sun.
A)Galileo
B)Newton
C)Kepler
D)Tycho

Accepted Answer

Tycho Brahe developed the geocentric model in which the Sun and Moon orbited Earth and the other planets circled the Sun. This model was later used by Johannes Kepler to develop his own heliocentric model.

Question 16

You and your friend put the palms of your hands together and push equally on each other so your hands don't move. Which law(s) does this follow Choose the best answer.
I. Newton's first 
II. Newton's second
III) Newton's third
IV) Newton's law of gravitation
A)I, III
B)II, IV
C)I, II, III, IV
D)III

Accepted Answer

This scenario follows Newton's third law, which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. In this case, the force exerted by one person's hand on the other's hand is met with an opposite and equal force in the other direction, causing the hands to remain in place. The other laws do not directly apply to this scenario.

Question 17

If a body's acceleration is doubled then the amount of force acting on the body had to _______.
A)double
B)halve
C)stay the same
D)None of the other choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

According to Newton's second law of motion, force is directly proportional to acceleration. Therefore, if acceleration is doubled, force has to be doubled as well.

Question 18

If you are standing on the floor then you actions (or lack of action) can count as a test of
A)Newton's first law
B)Newton's second law
C)Newton's third law
D)None of the other choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you are standing on the floor...

Question 19

Sit on the floor with your legs straight out, raise your straight arm out with your thumb up such that your thumb aligns with one of your big toes, rapidly blink your left and right eye, and observe how your big toe appears to shift positions. This demonstration is an example of _________________.
A)Newton's first law
B)uniform circular motion
C)parallax
D)retrograde motion

Accepted Answer

This demonstration is an example of parallax, which is the apparent shift in position of an object when viewed from different angles. As the observer blinks their eyes, their viewing angle slightly changes and causes the big toe to appear to shift positions relative to the raised arm and thumb.

Question 20

____________________ made very accurate observations of the positions and movements of the planets that were later used to help develop the Rudolphine Tables.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ made very accurate observations of the...

Quiz 4: The Origin of Modern Astronomy

One body weighs twice as much as another on a seesaw, as such the center of mass is located

Uranus's orbital period is 84 years. How far is Uranus from the Sun

Which law refers to a planet sweeping out equal areas in equal times as it orbits its host star

If the period of a body's orbit is doubled, then the distance from the host has ___________. Assume the units of period are years and the units of distance are A.U. Choose the best answer.

Which produces tides on Earth

An object in orbit around Earth

If the force on a body is halved then the acceleration of the body

Geosynchronous satellites

Jupiter orbits the Sun and follows which laws Choose the best answer.I. Kepler's first II. Kepler's second III. Kepler's third IV. Newton's first V. Newton's second VI. Newton's third VII. Newton's law of gravitation

The first observations of objects in the solar system that orbited neither the Sun nor Earth were made by ____________________.

Saturn orbits the Sun and follows which laws Choose the best answer. I. Kepler's first II. Kepler's second III. Kepler's third IV. Newton's law of gravitation

If an object's orbital velocity is greater than its escape velocity, then the shape of the path is a/an ______ and the orbit is.

If a satellite is in orbit around Earth and the satellite's altitude is decreased, then the circular velocity __________________.

If a satellite is in orbit around Earth and the satellite's altitude increases, then the circular velocity __________________.

This person developed his own model in which the Sun and Moon orbited Earth and the planets circled the Sun.

You and your friend put the palms of your hands together and push equally on each other so your hands don't move. Which law(s) does this follow Choose the best answer. I. Newton's first II. Newton's second III) Newton's third IV) Newton's law of gravitation

If a body's acceleration is doubled then the amount of force acting on the body had to _______.

If you are standing on the floor then you actions (or lack of action) can count as a test of

Sit on the floor with your legs straight out, raise your straight arm out with your thumb up such that your thumb aligns with one of your big toes, rapidly blink your left and right eye, and observe how your big toe appears to shift positions. This demonstration is an example of _________________.

____________________ made very accurate observations of the positions and movements of the planets that were later used to help develop the Rudolphine Tables.