Question 1

Frederick Douglass was

Accepted Answer

Frederick Douglass was a leading figure in the abolitionist movement. He was born into slavery in Maryland but escaped to the North in 1838. He later became a prominent writer, speaker, and activist, speaking out against slavery and advocating for the rights of African Americans. He was an influential figure in the movement to end slavery, and his writings continue to be studied and respected today.

Question 2

Which amendments to the U.S.Constitution were passed in an attempt to give freed slaves the full rights of citizenship?

Accepted Answer

The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments were passed in an attempt to give freed slaves the full rights of citizenship. The Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States and included the Equal Protection Clause, which prohibited states from denying any person within their jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. The Fifteenth Amendment prohibited the denial of the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Question 3

Which one of the following is true with respect to the U.S.Supreme Court's decision in Brown v.Board of Education (1954)?

Accepted Answer

While Brown v. Board of Education declared segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional, it did not immediately enforce desegregation. The Supreme Court left implementation up to lower courts, and many southern states resisted desegregation efforts. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 provided more concrete legal measures to enforce desegregation and protect the civil rights of African Americans.

Question 4

The term civil rights refers to

Accepted Answer

Civil rights refer to the rights of certain groups not to be discriminated against because of some characteristic, such as national origin or disability. This includes protections against discrimination based on race, gender, religion, age, and sexual orientation, among other factors. Civil rights are protected under various laws and amendments, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Question 5

Which one of the following is true of the Supreme Court's decision in Planned Parenthood v.Casey (1992)?

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court's decision in Planned Parenthood v. Casey established a standard of reviewing whether abortion restriction placed an "undue burden" on women seeking to have an abortion. It did not overturn Roe v. Wade, require second-term abortions to be performed in licensed clinics only, strike down a constitutional amendment intended to permit the states to restrict abortion, or strike down a Missouri law that imposed a number of restrictions on abortions.

Question 6

The U.S.Supreme Court cases Grutter v.Bollinger and Gratz v.Bollinger dealt with

Accepted Answer

Grutter v. Bollinger and Gratz v. Bollinger both dealt with affirmative action in university admissions policies. Grutter upheld the University of Michigan Law School's use of race as one of many factors in admissions decisions, while Gratz struck down the university's undergraduate admissions policy that awarded a certain number of points to minority applicants based solely on their race.

Question 7

The Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) outlaws

Accepted Answer

The Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) specifically targets employment discrimination against individuals with disabilities. It prohibits discrimination in all aspects of employment, including hiring, firing, promotion, and compensation.

Question 8

The U.S.Supreme Court upheld the right of Pennsylvania to require informed consent and 24-hour waiting periods for an abortion in its decision in

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court's decision in Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) upheld the constitutionality of informed consent and 24-hour waiting periods for abortion, but also modified the legal standard for evaluating state abortion regulations from one of strict scrutiny to one of undue burden. This decision allowed states to regulate abortion as long as the regulation did not place an undue burden on the woman seeking the abortion.

Question 9

Which one of the following is an example of de facto segregation?

Accepted Answer

De facto segregation refers to segregation that occurs without explicit laws or policies, but rather through societal norms and patterns. Housing patterns and decisions of private citizens can lead to de facto segregation, as certain neighborhoods may become predominantly one race or ethnicity due to factors such as redlining or discriminatory lending practices. Choices A, B, C, and D all refer to explicitly discriminatory laws or policies that enforced segregation.

Question 10

The NAACP was founded by

Accepted Answer

The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) was founded by W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, and a group of other African American and white activists in 1909.

Question 11

The 1964 Civil Rights Act required schools to provide equal opportunities for all students.This is also known as

Accepted Answer

Title IX of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in education programs or activities receiving federal financial assistance.

Question 12

In which case did the U.S.Supreme Court establish the "separate but equal" doctrine, holding segregation constitutional?

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Supreme Court established the "separate but equal" doctrine in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896, holding that segregation was constitutional as long as the separate facilities provided for different races were equal in quality. This decision upheld racial segregation for several decades until it was overturned by the Supreme Court in 1954 in the case of Brown v. Board of Education.

Question 13

Title II of the 1964 Civil Rights law forbade discrimination in public facilities.The court upheld this law, ruling that racial discrimination in a public facility places the burden on interstate commerce in

Accepted Answer

The case of Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States dealt specifically with Title II of the 1964 Civil Rights law and its ban on discrimination in public accommodations. The Court upheld the law by reasoning that racial discrimination in a public facility such as a motel places a burden on interstate commerce by deterring African American travelers from patronizing the facility, which in turn affects the flow of goods and services across state lines.

Question 14

Upon which delegated power under the Constitution did Congress rely to forbid discrimination in public facilities under Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Accepted Answer

The power to regulate interstate commerce under the Commerce Clause is the delegated power under the Constitution that Congress relied upon to prohibit discrimination in public facilities through Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This is because Congress has the authority to regulate interstate activities, including those that may lead to discrimination or impact the free flow of commerce.

Question 15

A literacy test as a requirement for voting was abolished by

Accepted Answer

The Voting Rights Act of 1965, passed by Congress, effectively abolished literacy tests as a requirement for voting.

Question 16

The right of women to vote was granted by the

Accepted Answer

The Nineteenth Amendment was ratified in 1920 and granted women the right to vote. The Fifteenth Amendment granted voting rights to black men, but did not extend this right to women. The Twenty-first Amendment repealed prohibition, the Civil Rights Act prohibited discrimination in voting, and the Equal Rights Amendment proposed gender equality but was never ratified.

Question 17

The National Organization for Women began in

Accepted Answer

The National Organization for Women (NOW) was founded on June 30, 1966, and was officially incorporated on October 26, 1966, making 1967 the first official year of operation. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Question 18

Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act established the

Accepted Answer

Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to enforce federal laws prohibiting employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin.

Question 19

Poll taxes were abolished with the ratification of the

Accepted Answer

The Twenty-fourth Amendment, ratified in 1964, abolished poll taxes in federal elections.

Question 20

To successfully meet the definition of "disability" under the Supreme Court's 2002 interpretation of the Americans with Disabilities Act, an individual must prove

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court's 2002 interpretation of the Americans with Disabilities Act stated that to be considered disabled, the individual must have an impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, including major bodily functions, such as walking or seeing. This includes activities that are central to daily life as well as work-related activities. Therefore, option D is the best choice. Options A, B, C, and E do not accurately reflect the definition of disability under the ADA.

Quiz 12: Civil Rights