Question 1

Which of the following is true concerning the concept of health care as a right in the United States?

Accepted Answer

The fundamental basis of human rights is the recognition of the equal worth and dignity of everyone and implies that individuals,institutions,and society as a whole should protect and promote health and should ensure that health is neither impaired nor at risk.

Question 2

Policy may be achieved through formal decisions,rules,or:

Accepted Answer

Policy development is one of the core functions of public health and is often intertwined with the promotion of oral health activities.Policy may be achieved through formal decisions (as in a school district decision),rules (as with a state dental board),or legislation at the national,state,or local level.

Question 3

Professional ethics is the code by which the profession regulates actions and sets standards for its members,with the recognition that professionals:

Accepted Answer

Professionals are accountable for their actions.This code serves as a guide to the profession to ensure a high standard of competency,strengthen the relationships among its members,and promote the welfare of the entire community.

Question 4

According to the Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct adopted by the American Association of Public Health Dentistry,dental public health professionals have the responsibility to provide individual and community services in a socially responsible manner while maintaining respect for the value of the services received and conservation of individual,private,and public resources,according to the principle of:

Accepted Answer

The principle of nonmaleficence states that public health dental professionals must provide individual and community services in this manner.

Question 5

The current health care system has been able to keep pace with:
1)the number of uninsured patients.
2)expanding populations.
3)shifts in demographics.
4)degradation of the environment.
5)changes in lifestyles and value systems.

Accepted Answer

The current health services system has not been able to keep pace with any of the above.This discussion becomes pertinent in the field of dental public health,which focuses on the prevention of oral diseases and promotes population-based health activities to ensure the oral health of all people.

Question 6

Provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act include oral health benefits are mandated for ____________,with no out of pocket costs for __________ services.

Accepted Answer

Through the new insurance plans through state exchanges,oral health benefits for children are mandated with no out of pocket costs for preventive services.

Question 7

According to the Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct adopted by the American Association of Public Health Dentistry,the principle of autonomy states that dental public health professionals have the responsibility to:

Accepted Answer

According to the principle of autonomy,dental public health professionals have the responsibility to inform individuals and community organizations about health issues and options available for correcting oral health problems and inequities,facilitate health care decisions,ensure individual patient confidentiality,and respect individual and community customs,beliefs,and other cultural variations.

Question 8

When the health of the people has been left solely to the current health services system,_______ population groups have been left without access to health care.

Accepted Answer

Many population groups have been left without access to health care and with little or no constituency advocating for their right to that care.

Question 9

The dental hygiene profession's commitment to ___________ is the foundation of society's trust and confidence.

Accepted Answer

Ethical conduct is the foundation of society's trust and confidence.This ethical conduct is not confined to a particular practice setting.Ethical leadership is knowing one's core values and having to live them in all aspects of life in serving the common good.

Question 10

The American Dental Hygienists' Association occasionally sends out action alerts to the membership because a piece of legislation is coming up for a vote that will impact oral health and the practice of dental hygiene.In the role of _______________,dental hygienists can influence the opinion of their legislators by responding to these alerts.

Accepted Answer

In the role of advocate,dental hygienists can influence the opinion of their legislators by responding to these alerts,thereby improving the oral health of the public.

Question 11

To be successful,all policy initiatives should involve ____________ efforts among partners and stakeholders.

Accepted Answer

All policy initiatives should involve collaborative efforts among partners and stakeholders,including professionals,community leaders,coalitions,and the public.

Question 12

The terms ethics and ________ are often used interchangeably.

Accepted Answer

Ethics and morals are often used interchangeably.Ethics is commonly defined as the general science of right or wrong conduct.Add the concept of moral action to this,and discussions emerge regarding which moral principles should govern a particular action.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true regarding professionalism and dental hygiene?

Accepted Answer

By virtue of the education,the written and clinical board examinations,and subsequent state licensure,dental hygiene is a profession,and dental hygienists are professionals and thus are required to make choices in practice that necessitate ethical decision making.

Question 14

Which of the following is the only state with a unicameral legislature?

Accepted Answer

In nearly all 50 states,state legislatures are bicameral (two houses).Nebraska is the only state currently with a unicameral legislature.Most state legislatures meet annually for a specified number of days,and other state legislatures meet every other year.

Question 15

Health care reform legislation passed in March 2010 contained several oral health provisions,including:

Accepted Answer

Provisions of health care reform legislation included mandated oral health benefits for children with no out-of-pocket costs for preventive services,improved oral health surveillance in all states,grants to school-based health centers,including oral health services,establishment of an evidence-based public education campaign to promote oral health,an increase in grant funding for school-based sealant programs,establishment of an alternative dental provider demonstration project,and increases in training,workforce development,and loan repayment provisions.

Question 16

Which of the following represents the order of procedures in the policy-making process?
1)Share data with partners and identify possible strategies and solutions.
2)Develop personal and professional relationships with policy and decision makers.
3)Assess and quantify oral health needs and existing resources.
4)Collaborate with partners to identify data needed.

Accepted Answer

The order of procedures is develop personal and professional relationships with policy and decision makers,collaborate with partners to identify data needed,assess and quantify oral health needs and existing resources,and share data with partners and identify possible strategies and solutions.

Question 17

Technology has allowed for the delivery of advanced surgical and cosmetic dental services to one segment of the population,even while significant barriers to accessing even preventive and basic restorative care still exist for others.

Accepted Answer

Both statements are true.Many journals and newspapers report that health care in the nation is in a state of crisis.Although this statement is resounding in many private and public health circles,it is controversial in the face of the technologic advances in medicine and dentistry that have been responsible for improved health standards,not only in the United States but also in many other countries.

Question 18

Which of the following codes of ethics provides guidance to the dental hygiene profession?

Accepted Answer

The Code of Ethics of ADHA provides this guidance to the dental hygiene profession.

Question 19

The health care crisis has been recognized,reported,discussed,and debated for more than 50 years,with ________ progress made.

Accepted Answer

Minimal progress has been made.The Surgeon General's report on oral health specifically quantifies the disparities in oral health status among underserved populations and the barriers many people face in obtaining care.In one form or another,health reforms have been recommended for several decades with little success,and in most cases,oral health care services have not been included.

Question 20

Which of the following have (has)contributed to the failure of each attempt to render health care accessible to everyone?
1)The health professions,including private and public delivery systems
2)National and state governments
3)Public apathy
4)A general lack of social responsibility on the part of society as a whole

Accepted Answer

All have contributed to the failure of each attempt to render health care accessible to everyone.In one form or another,health reforms have been recommended for several decades with little success,and in most cases,oral health care services have not been included.

Quiz 9: Social Responsibility