Question 1

Your textbook names three general cost-reduction strategies for American corrections in the future.Which of the following is NOT one of these?

Accepted Answer

Although there may be some instances where inmates are used to assist with tasks, such as cleaning or laundry, having inmates guard each other would not be an approved or safe cost-reduction strategy for American corrections. The three general strategies named in the textbook are the privatization of corrections, the use of new technology, and various alternatives to incarceration.

Question 2

Today,more jurisdictions are ____ and using ____.

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that more jurisdictions are "enacting mandatory sentencing statutes" and "using sentencing guidelines." Therefore, B is the correct choice. A, C, and D are all opposite or contradictory to the statement.

Question 3

Juvenile courts are currently:

Accepted Answer

Juvenile courts have been moving towards more punitive correctional strategies, adopting more adversarial procedures, and providing juvenile offenders with more procedural rights, reflecting a shift in how juvenile justice is approached.

Question 4

If the crime control model dominates the future of the administration of justice,it is likely that ____-following the few trials that occur-will be strongly discouraged and limited.

Accepted Answer

The crime control model emphasizes efficiency and the swift administration of justice, focusing on deterring and punishing criminal behavior quickly. Appeals, which are legal processes for reviewing and possibly reversing lower court decisions, can slow down this process significantly. Therefore, if the crime control model dominates, appeals would likely be discouraged and limited to maintain the model's emphasis on efficiency and speed in the justice system.

Question 5

In what year did Congress pass the Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act,making identity theft a federal crime?

Accepted Answer

The Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act was passed in 1998, making identity theft a federal crime. This law was enacted in response to the growing problem of identity theft and provided the legal framework for prosecuting such crimes at the federal level.

Question 6

Due process model advocates believe that the ____ is a critical stage in the administration of justice.

Accepted Answer

The preliminary hearing is considered a critical stage in the administration of justice according to the due process model because it is the first formal presentation of the case to a judge. It determines whether there is sufficient evidence to continue with the case and proceed to trial. This stage ensures that the defendant's rights are protected and that they are not held without a proper legal basis.

Question 7

Which of the following types of identity theft is considered the most serious?

Accepted Answer

The misuse of personal information is considered the most serious type of identity theft because it can lead to the creation of new accounts and more extensive fraud, potentially affecting various aspects of a victim's life.

Question 8

Advocates of the crime control model consider ____ at any stage,other than perhaps at trial,a luxury and an unnecessary impediment to the efficient operation of the process.

Accepted Answer

Advocates of the crime control model prioritize efficiency and speed in the criminal justice process, viewing legal representation as a luxury and unnecessary impediment to achieving those goals. They often argue that quick and decisive punishment of offenders is more important than protecting the rights of individuals accused of committing crimes, including the right to an attorney.

Question 9

In the future,there may be no practical need for a separate juvenile justice process because:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the future,there may be no practical...

Question 10

According to your textbook,which of the following crimes is likely to pose a special problem for law enforcement agencies and criminal justice at the dawn of the twenty-first century?

Accepted Answer

All of the choices listed, drug crime, cybercrime, and terrorism, pose special problems for law enforcement agencies and criminal justice systems at the dawn of the twenty-first century. Each presents unique challenges in terms of detection, prevention, and prosecution.

Question 11

Recent history demonstrates that increases in the use of alternatives to incarceration ____ the use of incarceration.

Accepted Answer

While alternatives to incarceration have been introduced and implemented in various jurisdictions, there is no clear evidence that their use has led to a decrease in the use of incarceration. Factors such as changes in crime rates, political ideologies, and resource allocation have influenced incarceration rates, making it difficult to establish a direct correlation between alternatives to incarceration and decreased imprisonment.

Question 12

If the future of law enforcement increasingly reflects the principles and policies of the crime control model,then you might expect:

Accepted Answer

The crime control model emphasizes the need for swift and efficient law enforcement, which often leads to broader police discretion. This means that police officers have more freedom to use their judgment in detaining and questioning suspects without necessarily needing to have strong probable cause. Therefore, choice B is the best answer. Choice A is incorrect because the crime control model may put less emphasis on probable cause in the interest of quick and efficient law enforcement. Choice C is incorrect because the crime control model might prioritize detaining suspects for longer periods to gather evidence and prevent them from committing further crimes.

Question 13

Which of the following supporters maintain that a crafty lawyer may be able to win the freedom of a factually guilty client by means of a legal technicality?

Accepted Answer

The Crime control model emphasizes the efficient and speedy processing of criminal cases, and values the finality of convictions over protecting the rights of the accused. Supporters of this model may be willing to overlook factual guilt and prioritize the need for punishment and deterrence. Therefore, they may believe that a lawyer's use of a legal technicality to secure the freedom of a factually guilty client is a prime example of the system being too focused on protecting the rights of the accused at the expense of public safety.

Question 14

Perhaps the thorniest issue with DNA technology is:

Accepted Answer

The main concern with DNA technology is the ethical and privacy implications of how DNA databases are collected, stored, and used, which can affect personal privacy and civil liberties.

Question 15

If the due process model dominates the administration of justice in the future,there will probably be no limitations on:

Accepted Answer

The due process model emphasizes the rights of the accused and places restrictions on the power of the government. This would suggest that the right to appeal would not be limited, as it is a crucial aspect of ensuring fairness in the justice system. On the other hand, grand juries and preventive detention involve government power and may be limited under the due process model. Plea bargaining may also be restricted, as it often involves coercive tactics and can lead to innocent people pleading guilty.

Question 16

The investigative abilities of the police should be improved and made easier by the expansion of:

Accepted Answer

Community policing involves improving relationships between the police and the community, allowing for better communication and trust. This can lead to more effective investigations as tips and information may be more readily shared with police. Additionally, community policing can help prevent crimes from occurring in the first place and improve overall safety in neighborhoods.

Question 17

Which of the following is a strategy in which disappointment is expressed for the offender's actions,the offender is shamed and punished,and there is a concerted effort on the part of the community to forgive the offender and bring him or her back into society?

Accepted Answer

The description given matches the concept of reintegrative shaming, which is a strategy used in restorative justice. It involves rejecting the offender's behavior, but not the offender themselves, and focusing on restoring their relationships with the community. Mediation and arbitration involve a third party resolving a dispute between two parties, but do not necessarily involve shaming or reintegration efforts. Therefore, the correct answer is B, reintegrative shaming.

Question 18

In practice,the ____ is a sham because it has become nothing more than a rubber stamp for the prosecutor.

Accepted Answer

A grand jury is supposed to be an independent body that evaluates evidence presented by the prosecutor to determine if there is enough evidence to proceed with a trial. However, in practice, grand juries often just approve whatever the prosecutor presents to them, leading to criticisms that it is just a formality and a rubber stamp.

Question 19

Perhaps the most divisive issue that will confront correctional policy makers in the future is whether increasingly scarce resources should be devoted more to ____ or to ____.

Accepted Answer

This question is referring to the ongoing debate in the field of corrections about whether the primary goal of punishment should be to deter future criminal activity (deterrence) or to punish offenders for their crimes (punishment), or whether resources should be focused on incapacitating offenders or controlling crime more generally. However, in recent years, there has been a growing recognition that the current punitive approach to corrections in many countries has not been successful in reducing crime or recidivism rates. Instead, there has been a shift towards prioritizing rehabilitation and reentry programs that aim to address the underlying causes of criminal behavior and provide offenders with skills and support to successfully reintegrate into society. Therefore, the best choice would be D - to devote increasingly scarce resources more to rehabilitation than to punishment.

Question 20

Participatory justice is a form of:

Accepted Answer

Participatory justice is a type of restorative justice. Restorative justice focuses on repairing harm caused by a crime, rather than simply punishing the offender. Participatory justice involves the participation of all affected parties, including the victim, offender, and community, in finding a solution that rebuilds relationships, meets the needs of the victim, and holds the offender accountable for their actions.

Quiz 14: Understanding and Predicting the Future of Criminal Justice